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@ARTICLE{Ansttz:138148,
      author       = {Anstötz, Max (FZJ and Cosgrove, Kathleen E. and Hack, Iris
                      and Mugnaini, Enrico and Maccaferri, Gianmaria and Lübke,
                      Joachim},
      title        = {{M}orphology, input–output relations and synaptic
                      connectivity of {C}ajal–{R}etzius cells in layer 1 of the
                      developing neocortex of {CXCR}4-{EGFP} mice},
      journal      = {Brain structure $\&$ function},
      volume       = {219},
      issn         = {1863-2661},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-04379},
      pages        = {2119-2139},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Layer 1 (L1) neurons, in particular Cajal–Retzius (CR)
                      cells are among the earliest generated neurons in the
                      neocortex. However, their role and that of L1 GABAergic
                      interneurons in the establishment of an early cortical
                      microcircuit are still poorly understood. Thus, the
                      morphology of whole-cell recorded and biocytin-filled CR
                      cells was investigated in postnatal day (P) 7–11 old
                      CXCR4-EGFP mice where CR cells can be easily identified by
                      their fluorescent appearance. Confocal-, light- and
                      subsequent electron microscopy was performed to investigate
                      their developmental regulation, morphology, synaptic
                      input–output relationships and electrophysiological
                      properties. CR cells reached their peak in occurrence
                      between P4 to P7 and from thereon declined to almost
                      complete disappearance at P14 by undergoing selective cell
                      death through apoptosis. CR cells formed a dense and
                      long-range horizontal network in layer 1 with a remarkable
                      high density of synaptic boutons along their axons. They
                      received dense GABAergic and non-GABAergic synaptic input
                      and in turn provided synaptic output preferentially with
                      spines or shafts of terminal tuft dendrites of pyramidal
                      neurons. Interestingly, no dye-coupling between CR cells
                      with other cortical neurons was observed as reported for
                      other species, however, biocytin-labeling of individual CR
                      cells leads to co-staining of L1 end foot astrocytes.
                      Electrophysiologically, CR cells are characterized by a high
                      input resistance and a characteristic firing pattern.
                      Increasing depolarizing currents lead to action potential of
                      decreasing amplitude and increasing half width, often
                      terminated by a depolarization block. The presence of
                      membrane excitability, the high density of CR cells in layer
                      1, their long-range horizontal axonal projection together
                      with a high density of synaptic boutons and their synaptic
                      input–output relationship suggest that they are an
                      integral part of an early cortical network important not
                      only in layer 1 but also for the establishment and formation
                      of the cortical column.},
      cin          = {INM-2},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {331 - Signalling Pathways and Mechanisms in the Nervous
                      System (POF2-331) / 89571 - Connectivity and Activity
                      (POF2-89571)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-331 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89571},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000344879200019},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00429-013-0627-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/138148},
}