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@ARTICLE{Bogena:138279,
      author       = {Bogena, Heye and Huisman, J. A. and Baatz, R. and Hendricks
                      Franssen, H. -J. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{A}ccuracy of the cosmic-ray soil water content probe in
                      humid forest ecosystems: {T}he worst case scenario},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {49},
      issn         = {0043-1397},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {AGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-04436},
      pages        = {1-14},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {Soil water content is one of the key state variables in the
                      soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum due to its important
                      role in the exchange of water and energy at the soil
                      surface. A new promising method to measure integral soil
                      water content at the field or small catchment scale is the
                      cosmic-ray probe (CRP). Recent studies of CRP measurements
                      have mainly presented results from test sites located in
                      very dry areas and from agricultural fields with sandy
                      soils. In this study, distributed continuous soil water
                      content measurements from a wireless sensor network
                      (SoilNet) were used to investigate the accuracy of CRP
                      measurements for soil water content determination in a humid
                      forest ecosystem. Such ecosystems are less favorable for CRP
                      applications due to the presence of a litter layer. In
                      addition, lattice water and carbohydrates of soil organic
                      matter and below-ground biomass reduce the effective sensor
                      depth and thus were accounted for in the calibration of the
                      CRP. The hydrogen located in the biomass decreased the level
                      of neutron count rates and thus also decreased the
                      sensitivity of the cosmic-ray probe, which in turn resulted
                      in an increase of the measurement uncertainty. This
                      uncertainty was compensated by using higher integration
                      times (e.g. 24 hours). For the Wüstebach forest site, the
                      cosmic-ray probe enabled the assessment of integral daily
                      soil water content dynamics with a RMSE of about 0.03
                      cm³/cm³ without explicitly considering the litter layer.
                      By including simulated water contents of the litter layer in
                      the calibration, a better accuracy could be achieved.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {246 - Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods
                      and Technologies (POF2-246) / EXPEER - Distributed
                      Infrastructure for EXPErimentation in Ecosystem Research
                      (262060)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246 / G:(EU-Grant)262060},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000325991100047},
      doi          = {10.1002/wrcr.20463},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/138279},
}