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@INPROCEEDINGS{Haegel:139469,
      author       = {Haegel, Franz-Hubert and Esser, Odilia and Borchard, Nils
                      and Jablonowski, Nicolai David and Mukherjee, Santanu and
                      Linden, Andreas and Zimmermann, Egon and Huisman, Johan
                      Alexander and Vereecken, Harry},
      title        = {{N}on-invasive characterization of biochar using
                      geoelectrical measurements – {A} laboratory study},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-05458},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {Non-invasive characterization of biochar using
                      geoelectrical measurements – A laboratory
                      studyFranz-Hubert Haegel1, Odilia Esser1, Nils Borchard1,
                      Nicolai D. Jablonowski2, Santanu Mukherjee1, Andreas
                      Linden1, Egon Zimmermann3, Johan Alexander Huisman1, Harry
                      Vereecken11 Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Bio-
                      und Geowissenschaften, IBG-3 Agrosphäre2 Forschungszentrum
                      Jülich, Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften, IBG-2
                      Pflanzenwissenschaften3 Forschungszentrum Jülich,
                      Zentralinstitut für Engineering, Elektronik und Analytik,
                      ZEA-2 Systeme der ElektronikNon-invasive methods that allow
                      the detection and the characterization of biochar on large
                      scales are not available. Spectral induced polarization
                      (SIP) is a promising technology to address this need. It has
                      been used for ore prospection since about 100 years and in
                      more recent years, it has also been applied to soil systems.
                      SIP yields the complex electrical conductivity in the
                      frequency range from about 1 mHz to about 10 kHz. The
                      complex quantity comprises a real part due to electrolytic
                      conductivity and an imaginary part due to polarization
                      effects in the pore space. Since the polarizability of
                      biochar is comparatively large because of its polyaromatic
                      structure, the addition of biochars to soil yields increased
                      values for the imaginary part of the electrical
                      conductivity. The signal strength depends on the type and
                      the amount of biochar. The frequency dependence of the
                      imaginary part of the electrical conductivity is further
                      influenced by the particle size distribution of the biochar.
                      Measurements on biochar in soil and systematic
                      investigations on model systems containing series of
                      different biochars and active carbons will be presented. The
                      results of the measurements in the laboratory show that SIP
                      can be used to characterize biochar in soil and to monitor
                      changes in biochar properties with time in addition to
                      standard SIP characterization of ion concentration and water
                      content. Although the current results were obtained in
                      laboratory experiments, field imaging of SIP properties of
                      areas up to several 100 square meters is possible with
                      multi-electrode equipment.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2013-10-17},
      organization  = {International Conference Biochars,
                       Composts, and Digestates., Bari
                       (Italy), 17 Oct 2013 - 20 Oct 2013},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IBG-3 / IBG-2 / ZEA-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118 / I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {246 - Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods
                      and Technologies (POF2-246)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/139469},
}