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@ARTICLE{Bode:139658,
      author       = {Bode, N. W. F. and Kemloh Wagoum, A. U. and Codling, E. A.},
      title        = {{H}uman responses to multiple sources of directional
                      information in virtual crowd evacuations},
      journal      = {Interface},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {91},
      issn         = {1742-5662},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {The Royal Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-05636},
      pages        = {20130904},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The evacuation of crowds from buildings or vehicles is one
                      example thathighlights the importance of understanding how
                      individual-level interactionsand decision-making combine and
                      lead to the overall behaviour ofcrowds. In particular, to
                      make evacuations safer, we need to understandhow individuals
                      make movement decisions in crowds. Here, we present
                      anevacuation experiment with over 500 participants testing
                      individual behaviourin an interactive virtual environment.
                      Participants had to choose between differentexit routes
                      under the influence of three different types of
                      directionalinformation: static information (signs), dynamic
                      information (movement ofsimulated crowd) and memorized
                      information, as well as the combined effectof these
                      different sources of directional information. In contrast to
                      signs,crowd movement and memorized information did not have
                      a significanteffect on human exit route choice in isolation.
                      However, when we combinedthe latter two treatments with
                      additional directly conflicting sources of
                      directionalinformation, for example signs, they showed a
                      clear effect by reducingthe number of participants that
                      followed the opposing directional information.This suggests
                      that the signals participants observe more closely in
                      isolation donot simply overrule alternative sources of
                      directional information. Age andgender did not consistently
                      explain differences in behaviour in our experiments.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {411 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF2-411)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-411},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000332384600010},
      pubmed       = {pmid:24258157},
      doi          = {10.1098/rsif.2013.0904},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/139658},
}