% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Rehme:14031,
      author       = {Rehme, A.K. and Eickhoff, S.B. and Wang, L.E. and Fink,
                      G.R. and Grefkes, C.},
      title        = {{D}ynamic causal modeling of cortical activity from the
                      acute to the chronic stage after stroke},
      journal      = {NeuroImage},
      volume       = {55},
      issn         = {1053-8119},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Academic Press},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-14031},
      pages        = {1147 - 1158},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {We thank our volunteers and are grateful to Dr. Marc
                      Tittgemeyer, Dr. Michael von Mengershausen, and the MR staff
                      for support. A.K.R. and C.G. were supported by Koeln Fortune
                      (34/2010), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne
                      (Germany). S.B.E. was funded by Human Brain Project
                      (R01-MH074457-01A1) and Initiative and Networking Fund of
                      the Helmholtz Association within the Helmholtz Alliance on
                      Systems Biology (Human Brain Model).},
      abstract     = {Functional neuroimaging studies frequently demonstrated
                      that stroke patients show bilateral activity in motor and
                      premotor areas during movements of the paretic hand in
                      contrast to a more lateralized activation observed in
                      healthy subjects. Moreover, a few studies modeling
                      functional or effective connectivity reported
                      performance-related changes in the motor network after
                      stroke. Here, we investigated the temporal evolution of
                      intra- and interhemispheric (dys-) connectivity during motor
                      recovery from the acute to the early chronic phase
                      post-stroke. Twelve patients performed hand movements in an
                      fMRI task in the acute (≤72 hours) and subacute stage (2
                      weeks) post-stroke. A subgroup of 10 patients participated
                      in a third assessment in the early chronic stage (3-6
                      months). Twelve healthy subjects served as reference for
                      brain connectivity. Changes in effective connectivity within
                      a bilateral network comprising M1, premotor cortex (PMC),
                      and supplementary motor area (SMA) were estimated by dynamic
                      causal modeling. Motor performance was assessed by the
                      Action Research Arm Test and maximum grip force. Results
                      showed reduced positive coupling of ipsilesional SMA and PMC
                      with ipsilesional M1 in the acute stage. Coupling parameters
                      among these areas increased with recovery and predicted a
                      better outcome. Likewise, negative influences from
                      ipsilesional areas to contralesional M1 were attenuated in
                      the acute stage. In the subacute stage, contralesional M1
                      exerted a positive influence on ipsilesional M1. Negative
                      influences from ipsilesional areas on contralesional M1
                      subsequently normalized, but patients with poorer outcome in
                      the chronic stage now showed enhanced negative coupling from
                      contralesional upon ipsilesional M1. These findings show
                      that the reinstatement of effective connectivity in the
                      ipsilesional hemisphere is an important feature of motor
                      recovery after stroke. The shift of an early, supportive
                      role of contralesional M1 into enhanced inhibitory coupling
                      might indicate maladaptive processes which could be a target
                      of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques.},
      keywords     = {Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Bayes Theorem / Cerebral Cortex:
                      pathology / Chronic Disease / Female / Forecasting /
                      Functional Laterality: physiology / Humans / Image
                      Processing, Computer-Assisted / Magnetic Resonance Imaging /
                      Male / Middle Aged / Models, Neurological / Motor Cortex:
                      pathology / Neural Pathways: pathology / Prognosis /
                      Psychomotor Performance: physiology / Recovery of Function /
                      Stroke: etiology / Stroke: pathology / Transcranial Magnetic
                      Stimulation / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-2 / INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems (FUEK409) /
                      89572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF2-89572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89572},
      shelfmark    = {Neurosciences / Neuroimaging / Radiology, Nuclear Medicine
                      $\&$ Medical Imaging},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21238594},
      UT           = {WOS:000288313800028},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/14031},
}