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@ARTICLE{Dinkel:141386,
      author       = {Dinkel, P. H. and Willmes, Klaus and Krinzinger, Helga and
                      Konrad, Kerstin and Koten Jr, Jan Willem},
      title        = {{D}iagnosing {D}evelopmental {D}yscalculia on the {B}asis
                      of {R}eliable {S}ingle {C}ase {FMRI} {M}ethods: {P}romises
                      and {L}imitations},
      journal      = {PLoS one},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {Lawrence, Kan.},
      publisher    = {PLoS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2013-06566},
      pages        = {e83722 -},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {FMRI-studies are mostly based on a group study approach,
                      either analyzing one group or comparing multiple groups, or
                      on approaches that correlate brain activation with
                      clinically relevant criteria or behavioral measures. In this
                      study we investigate the potential of fMRI-techniques
                      focusing on individual differences in brain activation
                      within a test-retest reliability context. We employ a
                      single-case analysis approach, which contrasts dyscalculic
                      children with a control group of typically developing
                      children. In a second step, a support-vector machine
                      analysis and cluster analysis techniques served to
                      investigate similarities in multivariate brain activation
                      patterns. Children were confronted with a non-symbolic
                      number comparison and a non-symbolic exact calculation task
                      during fMRI acquisition. Conventional second level group
                      comparison analysis only showed small differences around the
                      angular gyrus bilaterally and the left parieto-occipital
                      sulcus. Analyses based on single-case statistical procedures
                      revealed that developmental dyscalculia is characterized by
                      individual differences predominantly in visual processing
                      areas. Dyscalculic children seemed to compensate for
                      relative under-activation in the primary visual cortex
                      through an upregulation in higher visual areas. However,
                      overlap in deviant activation was low for the dyscalculic
                      children, indicating that developmental dyscalculia is a
                      disorder characterized by heterogeneous brain activation
                      differences. Using support vector machine analysis and
                      cluster analysis, we tried to group dyscalculic and
                      typically developing children according to brain activation.
                      Fronto-parietal systems seem to qualify for a distinction
                      between the two groups. However, this was only effective
                      when reliable brain activations of both tasks were employed
                      simultaneously. Results suggest that deficits in number
                      representation in the visual-parietal cortex get compensated
                      for through finger related aspects of number representation
                      in fronto-parietal cortex. We conclude that dyscalculic
                      children show large individual differences in brain
                      activation patterns. Nonetheless, the majority of
                      dyscalculic children can be differentiated from controls
                      employing brain activation patterns when appropriate methods
                      are used.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000328705200135},
      pubmed       = {pmid:24349547},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0083722},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/141386},
}