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@ARTICLE{Matsubara:14173,
      author       = {Matsubara, S. and Chen, Y.-C. and Caliandro, R. and
                      Govindjee, G. and Clegg, R.M.},
      title        = {{P}hotosystem {II} fluorescence lifetime imaging in avocado
                      leaves: {C}ontributions of the lutein-epoxide and
                      violaxanthin cycles to fluorescence quenching},
      journal      = {Journal of photochemistry and photobiology / B},
      volume       = {104},
      issn         = {1011-1344},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-14173},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {The research stay of S.M. at University of Illinois at
                      Urbana-Champaign was supported by a Deutsche Akademische
                      Austauschdienst (DAAD) travel grant (PPP-USA, D/07/10566).
                      Y.-C.C. was supported by the Taiwan Merit Scholarships
                      (TMS-094-1-A-036). G. was supported by the Department of
                      Plant Biology at the University of Illinois at
                      Urbana-Champaign. We thank Kelly Gillespie and Lisa
                      Ainsworth (Department of Plant Biology, University of
                      Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) for their help in
                      freeze-drying the leaf disc samples. R.M.C. thanks the
                      Research Board at UIUC for support. Although data were not
                      included in this work, friendly and expert assistance by
                      Mayandi Sivaguru (Microscopy and Imaging Facility, Institute
                      for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
                      Urbana-Champaign) for spinning disc confocal microscopy
                      experiments is greatly acknowledged.},
      abstract     = {Lifetime-resolved imaging measurements of chlorophyll a
                      fluorescence were made on leaves of avocado plants to study
                      whether rapidly reversible ΔpH-dependent (transthylakoid
                      H(+) concentration gradient) thermal energy dissipation (qE)
                      and slowly reversible ΔpH-independent fluorescence
                      quenching (qI) are modulated by lutein-epoxide and
                      violaxanthin cycles operating in parallel. Under normal
                      conditions (without inhibitors), analysis of the chlorophyll
                      a fluorescence lifetime data revealed two major lifetime
                      pools (1.5 and 0.5 ns) for photosystem II during the ΔpH
                      build-up under illumination. Formation of the 0.5-ns pool
                      upon illumination was correlated with dark-retention of
                      antheraxanthin and photo-converted lutein in leaves.
                      Interconversion between the 1.5- and 0.5-ns lifetime pools
                      took place during the slow part of the chlorophyll a
                      fluorescence transient: first from 1.5 ns to 0.5 ns in the
                      P-to-S phase, then back from 0.5 ns to 1.5 ns in the S-to-M
                      phase. When linear electron transport and the resulting ΔpH
                      build-up were inhibited by treatment with
                      3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), the major
                      fluorescence intensity was due to a 2.2-ns lifetime pool
                      with a minor faster contribution of approximately 0.7 ns. In
                      the presence of DCMU, neither the intensity nor the
                      lifetimes of fluorescence were affected by antheraxanthin
                      and photo-converted lutein. Thus, we conclude that both
                      antheraxanthin and photo-converted lutein are able to
                      enhance ΔpH-dependent qE processes that are associated with
                      the 0.5-ns lifetime pool. However, unlike zeaxanthin,
                      retention of antheraxanthin and photo-converted lutein may
                      not by itself stabilize quenching or cause qI.},
      keywords     = {Diuron: pharmacology / Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Light /
                      Lutein: chemistry / Microscopy, Fluorescence / Persea:
                      enzymology / Photosystem II Protein Complex: chemistry /
                      Photosystem II Protein Complex: metabolism / Plant Leaves:
                      drug effects / Plant Leaves: enzymology / Time Factors /
                      Xanthophylls: chemistry / Photosystem II Protein Complex
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Xanthophylls (NLM Chemicals) /
                      violaxanthin (NLM Chemicals) / Lutein (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Diuron (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Biochemistry $\&$ Molecular Biology / Biophysics},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21356597},
      UT           = {WOS:000292066000027},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.003},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/14173},
}