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@ARTICLE{Schneider:14188,
      author       = {Schneider, G.J. and Göritz, D.},
      title        = {{S}train induced anisotropies in silica
                      polydinethylsiloxane composites},
      journal      = {The journal of chemical physics},
      volume       = {133},
      issn         = {0021-9606},
      address      = {Melville, NY},
      publisher    = {American Institute of Physics},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-14188},
      pages        = {024903},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {We gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. Heise,
                      Universitat Ulm, Ulm, Germany, for supplying the tensile
                      unit and supporting the experiments. We thank Sabine Cunis
                      for the technical support of the SAXS experiments. Providing
                      beam time and financial support of the experiments by the
                      HASYLAB/DESY is gratefully acknowledged. We kindly thank,
                      Leverkusen, Germany, for supplying the samples.},
      abstract     = {Structural changes of silica in polydimethylsiloxane rubber
                      induced by external forces were studied by means of
                      small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The silica
                      fraction varies from 9 up to 23 $vol\%$ and the elongation
                      ratio from 1 to 3. Within the q-range of 0.02 nm(-1)<q<1
                      nm(-1) the primary particles and the clusters which consist
                      of these basic units could be resolved. The scattering
                      diagrams of the samples without external deformation are
                      radially symmetric and, in particular, the mass fractal
                      dimension does not depend on the silica fraction. Due to the
                      deformation the contours of the two-dimensional scattering
                      diagrams become elliptic. A model independent analysis of
                      the intensity as a function of the q-vector perpendicular
                      and parallel to the deformation axis revealed that the
                      microscopic cluster size is systematically increased by the
                      macroscopic external deformation. In particular, the
                      deformation ratio at the microscopic and the macroscopic
                      length scale is very similar. The mass fractal dimension, as
                      obtained by the slope of the scattering curve, increases
                      significantly with growing deformation ratio, but is the
                      same in vertical and horizontal directions. A simple
                      relation derived for the crossover from self-similar to
                      self-affine fractals can be used to relate the cluster sizes
                      perpendicular and parallel to the deformation and the mass
                      fractal dimension. By that means, it is demonstrated that
                      the mean number of particles within each aggregate is
                      constant, although the rubber was stretched up to a factor
                      of 3.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IFF-4 / IFF-5 / Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS
                      (JCNS) ; JCNS},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB784 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB785 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-20121112},
      pnm          = {BioSoft: Makromolekulare Systeme und biologische
                      Informationsverarbeitung / Großgeräte für die Forschung
                      mit Photonen, Neutronen und Ionen (PNI)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK505 / G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK415},
      shelfmark    = {Physics, Atomic, Molecular $\&$ Chemical},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:20632772},
      UT           = {WOS:000279917700033},
      doi          = {10.1063/1.3447919},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/14188},
}