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@ARTICLE{Sintermann:14711,
      author       = {Sintermann, J. and Spirig, C. and Jordan, A. and Kuhn, U.
                      and Ammann, C. and Neftel, A.},
      title        = {{E}ddy covariance flux measurements of ammonia by high
                      temperature chemical ionisation mass spectrometry},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {4},
      issn         = {1867-1381},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-14711},
      pages        = {599 - 616},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {We thank the Swiss National Science Foundation for funding
                      this project (TERMS, 200021-117686/1). In addition, the
                      research leading to these results has received funding from
                      the (EU) Seventh Framework Programme - (FP7/2007-2013) under
                      grant agreement no (PIEF-GA-2008-220842) - as well as from
                      the EU project NitroEurope (Contract 017841) that is funded
                      under the EC 6th Framework Programme for Research and
                      Technological Development. We are very grateful to Kerstin
                      Zeyer and Lukas Emmenegger from the Swiss Federal
                      Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) who
                      provided the in-field calibration device. Finally, we thank
                      Markus Jocher from our group for his constant support.},
      abstract     = {A system for fast ammonia (NH3) measurements with chemical
                      ionisation mass spectrometry (CIMS) based on a commercial
                      Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) is
                      presented. It uses electron transfer reaction as ionisation
                      pathway and features a drift tube of polyetheretherketone
                      (PEEK) and silica-coated steel. Heating the instrumental
                      inlet and the drift tube to 180 degrees C enabled an
                      effective time resolution of similar to 1 s and made it
                      possible to apply the instrument for eddy covariance (EC)
                      measurements. EC fluxes of NH3 were measured over two
                      agricultural fields in Oensingen, Switzerland, following
                      fertilisations with cattle slurry. Air was aspirated close
                      to a sonic anemometer at a flow of 100 STP L min(-1) and was
                      directed through a 23 m long 1/2" PFA tube heated to 150
                      degrees C to an air-conditioned trailer where the gas was
                      sub-sampled from the large bypass stream. This setup
                      minimised damping of fast NH3 concentration changes between
                      the sampling point and the actual measurement.
                      High-frequency attenuation loss of the NH3 fluxes of 20 to
                      $40\%$ was quantified and corrected for using an empirical
                      ogive method. The instrumental NH3 background signal showed
                      a minor interference with H2O which was characterised in the
                      laboratory. The resulting correction of the NH3 flux after
                      slurry spreading was less than $1\%.$ The flux detection
                      limit of the EC system was about 5 ng m(-2) s(-1) while the
                      accuracy of individual flux measurements was estimated
                      $16\%$ for the high-flux regime during these experiments.
                      The NH3 emissions after broad spreading of the slurry showed
                      an initial maximum of 150 mu g m(-2) s-1 with a fast decline
                      in the following hours.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000288911000016},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-4-599-2011},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/14711},
}