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@ARTICLE{Smaers:14894,
      author       = {Smaers, J.B. and Steele, J. and Case, C.R. and Cowper, A.
                      and Amunts, K. and Zilles, K.},
      title        = {{P}rimate {P}refrontal {C}ortex {E}volution: {H}uman
                      {B}rains are the {E}xtreme of a {L}ateralized {A}pe {T}rend},
      journal      = {Brain, behavior and evolution},
      volume       = {77},
      issn         = {0006-8977},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {Karger},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-14894},
      pages        = {67 - 78},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {We would like to thank Axel Schleicher and John R. Skoyles
                      for useful comments and discussion and Hartmut Mohlberg for
                      making images with the delineation of the motor cortex
                      available from the Julich/Dusseldorf brain atlas. For
                      training in phylogenetic comparative methods, we thank the
                      AnthroTree Workshop (supported by NSF BCS-0923791). This
                      work was supported by the EC FP6 HANDTOMOUTH project
                      (contract No. 29065).},
      abstract     = {The prefrontal cortex is commonly associated with cognitive
                      capacities related to human uniqueness: purposeful actions
                      towards higher-level goals, complex social information
                      processing, introspection, and language. Comparative
                      investigations of the prefrontal cortex may thus shed more
                      light on the neural underpinnings of what makes us human.
                      Using histological data from 19 anthropoid primate species
                      (6 apes including humans and 13 monkeys), we investigate
                      cross-species relative size changes along the anterior
                      (prefrontal) and posterior (motor) axes of the
                      cytoarchitectonically defined frontal lobe in both
                      hemispheres. Results reveal different scaling coefficients
                      in the left versus right prefrontal hemisphere, suggest that
                      the primary factor underlying the evolution of primate brain
                      architecture is left hemispheric prefrontal hyperscaling,
                      and indicate that humans are the extreme of a left
                      prefrontal ape specialization in relative white to grey
                      matter volume. These results demonstrate a neural adaptive
                      shift distinguishing the ape from the monkey radiation
                      possibly related to a cognitive grade shift between (great)
                      apes and other primates.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Biological Evolution / Functional Laterality:
                      physiology / Hominidae: anatomy $\&$ histology / Hominidae:
                      growth $\&$ development / Humans / Male / Prefrontal Cortex:
                      anatomy $\&$ histology / Prefrontal Cortex: growth $\&$
                      development / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-2 / INM-1},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems (FUEK409) /
                      89571 - Connectivity and Activity (POF2-89571)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89571},
      shelfmark    = {Behavioral Sciences / Neurosciences / Zoology},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21335939},
      UT           = {WOS:000290093800002},
      doi          = {10.1159/000323671},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/14894},
}