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@ARTICLE{Kramer:150599,
      author       = {Kramer, Friederike and Halámková, Lenka and Poghossian,
                      Arshak and Schöning, Michael J. and Katz, Evgeny and
                      Halámek, Jan},
      title        = {{B}iocatalytic analysis of biomarkers for forensic
                      identification of ethnicity between {C}aucasian and
                      {A}frican {A}merican groups.},
      journal      = {The analyst},
      volume       = {138},
      number       = {21},
      issn         = {1364-5528},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-00648},
      pages        = {6251 - 6257},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {A new biocatalytic assay analyzing the simultaneous
                      presence of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase
                      (LDH) was developed aiming at the recognition of biofluids
                      of different ethnic origins for forensic applications.
                      Knowing the difference in the concentrations of CK and LDH
                      in the blood of healthy adults of two ethnical groups,
                      Caucasian (CA) and African American (AA), and taking into
                      account the distribution pattern, we mimicked the samples of
                      different ethnic origins with various CK–LDH
                      concentrations. The analysis was performed using a
                      multi-enzyme/multi-step biocatalytic cascade where the
                      differences in both included enzymes resulted in an
                      amplified difference in the final analytical response. The
                      statistically established analytical results confirmed
                      excellent probability to distinguish samples of different
                      ethnic origins (CA vs. AA). The standard enzymatic assay
                      routinely used in hospitals for the analysis of CK,
                      performed for comparison, was not able to distinguish the
                      difference in samples mimicking blood of different ethnic
                      origins. The robustness of the proposed assay was
                      successfully tested on dried/aged serum samples (up to 24 h)
                      – in order to mimic real forensic situations. The results
                      obtained on the model solutions were confirmed by the
                      analysis of real serum samples collected from human subjects
                      of different ethnic origins.},
      cin          = {PGI-8 / JARA-FIT / ICS-8},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-8-20110106 / $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-8-20110106},
      pnm          = {423 - Sensorics and bioinspired systems (POF2-423) / 453 -
                      Physics of the Cell (POF2-453)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-423 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-453},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000325366700005},
      pubmed       = {pmid:24003440},
      doi          = {10.1039/c3an01062g},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/150599},
}