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@INPROCEEDINGS{Elmenhorst:150620,
      author       = {Elmenhorst, David and Matusch, Andreas and Kroll, Tina and
                      Bauer, Andreas},
      title        = {{A}cute ethanol application increases {A}1 adenosine
                      receptor availability in the human brain},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-00668},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {The fatiguing and sedating effects of alcohol in humans are
                      supposed to be mediated partially by the inhibitory actions
                      of cerebral adenosine, the main degradation product of ATP.
                      Ethanol is known to increase extracellular adenosine several
                      fold in the brain of rats by an increase in adenosine
                      formation and a decrease of adenosine uptake. Interestingly,
                      it has recently been reported that cerebral A1 adenosine
                      receptor (A1AR) availability measured with [11C]MPDX was
                      increased after ethanol exposure in rats. In the present
                      pilot study we investigated the impact of acute ethanol
                      exposure on A1AR availability in the human brain by the use
                      of PET and the highly selective radioligand [18F]CPFPX. This
                      method has been proved suitable for quantifying A1AR
                      densities in the human brain. A bolus plus constant infusion
                      for steady state quantification allows investigating acute
                      drug interactions like the occupancy of A1AR by caffeine. In
                      this ongoing study we administered 40 g of ethanol
                      (corresponding to 1 L of beer, n=3) or placebo (n=1) during
                      the steady state period of the PET experiment in healthy
                      volunteers. Ethanol was diluted in 1 L of isotonic NaCl
                      solution and infused intravenously between 80 and 110 min of
                      the 140 min PET scan. Blood alcohol concentration peaked
                      individually between 0.65 and 0.98 mg/mL 30 min after start
                      of the infusion. Arterialized venous blood samples were
                      collected to determine the distribution volume (VT) of
                      [18F]CPFPX by calculating the ratio of the concentrations
                      between tissue and plasma during steady state. The timespan
                      of this ratio represented either baseline (60 to 80 min) or
                      ethanol condition (120 and 140 min). The distribution
                      volumes of various cortical and subcortical regions remained
                      basically constant before and after placebo exposure
                      (relative difference $3\%).$ In contrast, distribution
                      volumes in the ethanol group increased quickly by on average
                      $29\%.$ Our preliminary data exhibit for the first time a
                      rapid increase in cerebral A1AR availability following acute
                      intravenous ethanol application in humans.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2013-05-20},
      organization  = {The XXVIth International Symposium on
                       Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism and
                       Function $\&$ XIth International
                       Conference on Quantification of Brain
                       Function with PET Xith International
                       Conference on Quantification of Brain
                       Function with PET, Shanghai (China), 20
                       May 2013 - 23 May 2013},
      cin          = {INM-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/150620},
}