000151178 001__ 151178 000151178 005__ 20250129092427.0 000151178 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/nature09750 000151178 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1476-4687 000151178 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0028-0836 000151178 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000286886400036 000151178 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:130809 000151178 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:21293373 000151178 037__ $$aFZJ-2014-01177 000151178 082__ $$a070 000151178 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aChapman, Henry N.$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000151178 245__ $$aFemtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography 000151178 260__ $$aLondon [u.a.]$$bNature Publising Group$$c2011 000151178 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1406899605_27347 000151178 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000151178 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000151178 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000151178 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000151178 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000151178 520__ $$aX-ray crystallography provides the vast majority of macromolecular structures, but the success of the method relies on growing crystals of sufficient size. In conventional measurements, the necessary increase in X-ray dose to record data from crystals that are too small leads to extensive damage before a diffraction signal can be recorded1, 2, 3. It is particularly challenging to obtain large, well-diffracting crystals of membrane proteins, for which fewer than 300 unique structures have been determined despite their importance in all living cells. Here we present a method for structure determination where single-crystal X-ray diffraction ‘snapshots’ are collected from a fully hydrated stream of nanocrystals using femtosecond pulses from a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source4. We prove this concept with nanocrystals of photosystem I, one of the largest membrane protein complexes5. More than 3,000,000 diffraction patterns were collected in this study, and a three-dimensional data set was assembled from individual photosystem I nanocrystals (~200 nm to 2 μm in size). We mitigate the problem of radiation damage in crystallography by using pulses briefer than the timescale of most damage processes6. This offers a new approach to structure determination of macromolecules that do not yield crystals of sufficient size for studies using conventional radiation sources or are particularly sensitive to radiation damage. 000151178 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF2-531$$a531 - Hadron Structure and Dynamics (HSD) (POF2-531)$$cPOF2-531$$fPOF II$$x0 000151178 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, juser.fz-juelich.de 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFromme, Petra$$b1 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBarty, Anton$$b2 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWhite, Thomas A.$$b3 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKirian, Richard A.$$b4 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAquila, Andrew$$b5 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHunter, Mark S.$$b6 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchulz, Joachim$$b7 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDePonte, Daniel P.$$b8 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWeierstall, Uwe$$b9 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aDoak, R. Bruce$$b10 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMaia, Filipe R. N. C.$$b11 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMartin, Andrew V.$$b12 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchlichting, Ilme$$b13 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLomb, Lukas$$b14 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCoppola, Nicola$$b15 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aShoeman, Robert L.$$b16 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEpp, Sascha W.$$b17 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHartmann, Robert$$b18 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRolles, Daniel$$b19 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRudenko, Artem$$b20 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFoucar, Lutz$$b21 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKimmel, Nils$$b22 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWeidenspointner, Georg$$b23 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHoll, Peter$$b24 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLiang, Mengning$$b25 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBarthelmess, Miriam$$b26 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCaleman, Carl$$b27 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBoutet, Sébastien$$b28 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBogan, Michael J.$$b29 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKrzywinski, Jacek$$b30 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBostedt, Christoph$$b31 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBajt, Saša$$b32 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGumprecht, Lars$$b33 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRudek, Benedikt$$b34 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aErk, Benjamin$$b35 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchmidt, Carlo$$b36 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHömke, André$$b37 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aReich, Christian$$b38 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPietschner, Daniel$$b39 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aStrüder, Lothar$$b40 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHauser, Günter$$b41 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)133892$$aGorke, Hubert$$b42 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aUllrich, Joachim$$b43 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHerrmann, Sven$$b44 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchaller, Gerhard$$b45 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchopper, Florian$$b46 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSoltau, Heike$$b47 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKühnel, Kai-Uwe$$b48 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMesserschmidt, Marc$$b49 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBozek, John D.$$b50 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHau-Riege, Stefan P.$$b51 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFrank, Matthias$$b52 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHampton, Christina Y.$$b53 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSierra, Raymond G.$$b54 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aStarodub, Dmitri$$b55 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWilliams, Garth J.$$b56 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHajdu, Janos$$b57 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aTimneanu, Nicusor$$b58 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSeibert, M. Marvin$$b59 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAndreasson, Jakob$$b60 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRocker, Andrea$$b61 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJönsson, Olof$$b62 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSvenda, Martin$$b63 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aStern, Stephan$$b64 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNass, Karol$$b65 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAndritschke, Robert$$b66 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchröter, Claus-Dieter$$b67 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKrasniqi, Faton$$b68 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBott, Mario$$b69 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchmidt, Kevin E.$$b70 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWang, Xiaoyu$$b71 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGrotjohann, Ingo$$b72 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHolton, James M.$$b73 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBarends, Thomas R. M.$$b74 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNeutze, Richard$$b75 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMarchesini, Stefano$$b76 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFromme, Raimund$$b77 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchorb, Sebastian$$b78 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRupp, Daniela$$b79 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAdolph, Marcus$$b80 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGorkhover, Tais$$b81 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAndersson, Inger$$b82 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHirsemann, Helmut$$b83 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPotdevin, Guillaume$$b84 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGraafsma, Heinz$$b85 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNilsson, Björn$$b86 000151178 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSpence, John C. H.$$b87 000151178 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1413423-8$$a10.1038/nature09750$$gVol. 470, no. 7332, p. 73 - 77$$n7332$$p73 - 77$$tNature <London>$$v470$$x1476-4687$$y2011 000151178 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/151178/files/FZJ-2014-01177.pdf$$yRestricted 000151178 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:151178$$pVDB 000151178 9101_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406$$6P:(DE-Juel1)133892$$aZentralinstitut für Elektronik$$b42$$kZEA-2 000151178 9132_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-531$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF3-530$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF3-500$$aDE-HGF$$bKey Technologies$$lScience and Technology of Nanosystems$$vCondensed Matter and Molecular Building Blocks$$x0 000151178 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF2-531$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF2-530$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF2-500$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF2$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bStruktur der Materie$$lPhysik der Hadronen und Kerne$$vHadron Structure and Dynamics (HSD)$$x0 000151178 9141_ $$y2014 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0010$$2StatID$$aJCR/ISI refereed 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0110$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0111$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bThomson Reuters Master Journal List 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0310$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bNCBI Molecular Biology Database 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0420$$2StatID$$aNationallizenz 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1030$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Life Sciences 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1040$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bZoological Record 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1050$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bBIOSIS Previews 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1060$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Sciences 000151178 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences 000151178 920__ $$lyes 000151178 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406$$kZEA-2$$lZentralinstitut für Elektronik$$x0 000151178 980__ $$ajournal 000151178 980__ $$aVDB 000151178 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406 000151178 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED 000151178 981__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)PGI-4-20110106