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@ARTICLE{Voigt:15134,
      author       = {Voigt, C. and Schumann, U. and Jurkat, T. and Schäuble, D.
                      and Schlager, H. and petzold, A. and Gayet, J.F. and
                      Krämer, M. and Schneider, J. and Borrmann, S. and Schmale,
                      J. and Jessberger, P. and Hamburger, T. and Lichenstern, M.
                      and Scheibe, M. and Gourbeyre, C. and Meyer, J. and
                      Kübbeler, M. and Frey, W. and Kalesse, H. and Butler, K.
                      and Lawrence, M.G. and Holzäpfle, F. and Arnold, F. and
                      Wendisch, M. and Döpelheuer, A. and Gotsschaldt, K. and
                      Baumann, R. and Zöger, M. and Sölch, I. and Rautenhaus, M.
                      and Dörnbrack, A.},
      title        = {{I}n-situ observations of young contails overview and
                      selected results from the {CONCERT} campagin},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {10},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-15134},
      pages        = {9039 - 9056},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {The CONCERT campaign was organized by the HGF-junior
                      research group AEROTROP (Impact of Aircraft Emissions on the
                      heteROgeneous chemistry of the TROPopause region). Part of
                      this work was funded within the DLR-project CATS
                      (Climate-compatible Air Transport System) and by the DFG SPP
                      HALO 1294. We thank the DLR flight department for their
                      excellent support during the campaign. A. Giez is greatfully
                      acknowledged for his help with the calibration of the
                      dewpoint hygrometer. ECMWF forecasts were provided in the
                      context of the ECMWF Special Project: Support Tool for HALO
                      Missions.},
      abstract     = {Lineshaped contrails were detected with the research
                      aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT - CONtrail and Cirrus
                      ExpeRimenT - campaign in October/November 2008. The Falcon
                      was equipped with a set of instruments to measure the
                      particle size distribution, shape, extinction and chemical
                      composition as well as trace gas mixing ratios of sulfur
                      dioxide (SO2), reactive nitrogen and halogen species (NO,
                      NOy, HNO3, HONO, HCl), ozone (O-3) and carbon monoxide (CO).
                      During 12 mission flights over Europe, numerous contrails,
                      cirrus clouds and a volcanic aerosol layer were probed at
                      altitudes between 8.5 and 11.6 km and at temperatures above
                      213 K. 22 contrails from 11 different aircraft were observed
                      near and below ice saturation. The observed NO mixing
                      ratios, ice crystal and soot number densities are compared
                      to a process based contrail model. On 19 November 2008 the
                      contrail from a CRJ-2 aircraft was penetrated in 10.1 km
                      altitude at a temperature of 221 K. The contrail had mean
                      ice crystal number densities of 125 cm(-3) with effective
                      radii r(eff) of 2.6 mu m. The presence of particles with r >
                      50 mu m in the less than 2 min old contrail suggests that
                      natural cirrus crystals were entrained in the contrail. Mean
                      HONO/NO (HONO/NOy) ratios of 0.037 (0.024) and the fuel
                      sulfur conversion efficiency to H2SO4 (epsilon(S)down arrow)
                      of $2.9\%$ observed in the CRJ-2 contrail are in the range
                      of previous measurements in the gaseous aircraft exhaust. On
                      31 October 2010 aviation NO emissions could have contributed
                      by more than $40\%$ to the regional scale NO levels in the
                      mid-latitude lowest stratosphere. The CONCERT observations
                      help to better quantify the climate impact from contrails
                      and will be used to investigate the chemical processing of
                      trace gases on contrails.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000282429000023},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-10-9039-2010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/15134},
}