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@ARTICLE{Krmer:151779,
      author       = {Krämer, Katharina and Bente, Gary and Kuzmanovic, Bojana
                      and Barisic, Iva and Pfeiffer, Ulrich and Georgescu,
                      Alexandra L. and Vogeley, Kai},
      title        = {{N}eural correlates of emotion perception depending on
                      culture and gaze direction},
      journal      = {Culture and brain},
      volume       = {2},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2193-8660},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-01661},
      pages        = {27-51},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {A person’s cultural background as well as their gaze
                      direction have been identified as relevant factors that
                      influence the behavioural and neural processing of emotional
                      expressions. However, research on their combined influence
                      is sparse. Here, we manipulated the cultural background and
                      gaze direction of emotion-encoders to investigate the
                      interaction of both factors during the neural processing of
                      emotions. Stimuli consisted of short video sequences showing
                      faces that displayed either direct or averted gaze,
                      expressed either anger or happiness, and represented either
                      cultural in-group (European faces) or cultural out-group
                      members (Asian faces). While undergoing functional magnetic
                      resonance imaging, a group of German participants rated the
                      stimuli with respect to their valence. Results revealed that
                      when anger was expressed with direct gaze, more activation
                      was found in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal
                      cortices in response to cultural out-group compared to
                      in-group members. However, when anger was expressed with
                      averted gaze, activity increased in the amygdala and the
                      striatum in response to cultural in-group compared to
                      out-group members. With respect to happiness, enhanced
                      neural activation in medial and lateral prefrontal cortical
                      areas was associated with the processing of cultural
                      in-group compared to out-group members expressing happiness
                      with direct gaze. These findings indicate a complex
                      interplay between culture, gaze direction and the valence of
                      emotions.},
      cin          = {INM-3 / INM-8},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-8-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333) / 472 - Key Technologies and
                      Innovation Processes (POF2-472) / 89572 - (Dys-)function and
                      Plasticity (POF2-89572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-472 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1007/s40167-014-0013-9},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/151779},
}