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@ARTICLE{Ern:151832,
      author       = {Ern, Manfred and Ploeger, Felix and Preusse, Peter and
                      Gille, J. C. and Gray, L. J. and Kalisch, Silvio and
                      Mlynczak, M. G. and Russell, J. M. and Riese, Martin},
      title        = {{I}nteraction of gravity waves with the {QBO}: {A}
                      satellite perspective},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {119},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-01702},
      pages        = {1-27},
      year         = {2014},
      note         = {Eingabe durch ZB-Staff im Rahmen einer
                      Publikationsgebühren Zahlung},
      abstract     = {One of the most important dynamical processes in the
                      tropical stratosphere is the quasi-biennial oscillation
                      (QBO) of the zonal wind. Still, the QBO is not well
                      represented in weather and climate models. To improve the
                      representation of the QBO in the models, a better
                      understanding of the driving of the QBO by atmospheric waves
                      is required. In particular, the contribution of gravity
                      waves is highly uncertain because of the small horizontal
                      scales involved, and there is still no direct estimation
                      based on global observations. We derive gravity wave
                      momentum fluxes from temperature observations of the
                      satellite instruments HIRDLS and SABER. Momentum flux
                      spectra observed show that particularly gravity waves with
                      intrinsic phase speeds <30m/s (vertical wavelengths <10km)
                      interact with the QBO. Gravity wave drag is estimated from
                      vertical gradients of observed momentum fluxes and compared
                      to the missing drag in the tropical momentum budget of
                      ERA-Interim. We find reasonably good agreement between their
                      variations with time and in their approximate magnitudes.
                      Absolute values of observed and ERA-Interim missing drag are
                      about equal during QBO eastward wind shear. During westward
                      wind shear, however, observations are about 2 times lower
                      than ERA-Interim missing drag. This could hint at
                      uncertainties in the advection terms in ERA-Interim. The
                      strong intermittency of gravity waves we find in the tropics
                      might play an important role for the formation of the QBO
                      and may have important implications for the parameterization
                      of gravity waves in global models.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {234 - Composition and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and
                      Stratosphere (POF2-234)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-234},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000333885700021},
      doi          = {10.1002/2013JD020731},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/151832},
}