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@BOOK{Blgel:151915,
      key          = {151915},
      editor       = {Blügel, Stefan and Helbig, Nicole and Meden, Volker and
                      Wortmann, Daniel},
      title        = {{C}omputing {S}olids: {M}odels, ab-initio methods and
                      supercomputing},
      volume       = {74},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-01759},
      isbn         = {978-3-89336-912-6},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe
                      Schlüsseltechnologien / Key Technologies},
      pages        = {getr. Zählung},
      year         = {2014},
      note         = {The Spring School was organized by the Institute for
                      Advanced Simulationand the Peter Grünberg Institute of the
                      Forschungszentrum Jülich},
      abstract     = {The computation of solids is challenged by the mutual
                      interaction of its constituting elements, the myriad
                      electrons and ions. The complex interplay produces a
                      continuous stream of new and unexpected phenomena and forms
                      of matter. The extreme range of length, time, energy and
                      entropy scales established in the solid state give rise to a
                      broad range of materials and associated properties. Some
                      solids exhibit useful collective phenomena, such as
                      ferroelectricity, magnetism, superconductivity, in others
                      exotic states of matter such as the heavy fermion state are
                      taken on. Varying external parameters such as the pressure
                      or the doping it is even possible to switch between
                      different ordered phases. Certain classes of solids show
                      interesting metal to insulator transitions or display
                      transversal, quantum and non-equilibrium transport
                      processes, to mention a few of the ubiquitous emergent
                      phenomena. New exotic phases or quantum states may occur for
                      solids in low dimensions or at the nano- and mesoscopic
                      scales. There are literally hundreds of thousands of solids
                      with mostly unexplored properties. Every day, new solids or
                      solid-state systems are synthesised or grown and novel
                      properties are discovered. These solids find applications as
                      present and emergent materials with specially-designed
                      functionalities on which scientific advances in neighbouring
                      disciplines such as metallurgy, materials science,
                      nano-science, chemistry and biology as well as the
                      geo-science rests on. Downstream applications can be found
                      in information technology, green energy, transportation and
                      health, all of enormous benefits to our society. Even to
                      physicists trained in the reductionistic view on nature it
                      sometimes appears to be a miracle that the formation and
                      stability of all solids and their wealth of properties are
                      encoded in the statistical physics and quantum theory of the
                      many electrons in the solid interacting via the Coulomb
                      potential. It is the Schrödinger equation of many electrons
                      which provides the fundamental theoretical concept for the
                      understanding of the large variety of emerging quantum
                      phenomena and processes that could be exploited in future
                      technological devices. The exact analytical or numerical
                      solution of such a Schrödinger equation for a solid is not
                      in sight. Instead, since the formulation of the quantum
                      mechanical many-body problem it remains a challenge to
                      capture the properties of interacting electrons of complex
                      atomic systems like e.g. a crystalline solid by approximate
                      practical methods or effective models with reasonable
                      computational effort. In the past decades powerful
                      theoretical concepts and reliable and predictive
                      computational models have been developed that allow
                      effective approximations. They aim at reducing complexity
                      while retaining those ingredients necessary for a reliable
                      description of the physical effects of the system. The
                      underlying approximations made may be roughly divided into
                      three different classes: realistic model Hamiltonians, that
                      are solved in part with sophisticated and highly specialised
                      analytical or numerical quantum many-body methods such as
                      renormalization group based techniques or quantum Monte
                      Carlo, wave function based methods and ab initio density
                      functional approaches. Computing solids refers to the
                      application of these computational models to the study and
                      prediction of the physical behaviour of solids. It
                      represents an extension of theoretical physics that is based
                      on mathematical models. The concept of computing solids can
                      be used to predict new phenomena, to explore the validity of
                      new concepts, to design new experiments in order to test
                      these new concepts or simply to generate insight. It can be
                      applied to complement and analyse experiments. It provides a
                      powerful alternative to the techniques of experimental
                      science when phenomena are difficult to observe or not
                      observable with currently available techniques or when
                      measurements are difficult, dangerous, expensive or simply
                      impractical. It can be [...]},
      month         = {Mar},
      date          = {2014-03-10},
      organization  = {45 th IFF Spring School 2014, Jülich
                       (Germany), 10 Mar 2014 - 21 Mar 2014},
      cin          = {IAS-1 / PGI-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106},
      pnm          = {424 - Exploratory materials and phenomena (POF2-424)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-424},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)26},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/151915},
}