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@ARTICLE{Kang:152205,
      author       = {Kang, Kyongok},
      title        = {{N}onequilibrium {P}hase {T}ransitions and {E}quilibrium
                      {T}extures of {C}harged {C}hiral {R}ods (fd-{V}iruses)},
      journal      = {Journal of physical science and application},
      volume       = {4},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2159-5348},
      address      = {Libertyville, Ill.},
      publisher    = {David Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-01961},
      pages        = {26-35},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Both non-equilibrium phase transitions and equilibrium
                      textures of interacting charged chiral rods are explored,
                      where thick electric double layers are present in the
                      suspensions of charged chiral fibrous (fd) viruses at a low
                      ionic strength. We first start with the electric phase/state
                      diagram, illustrating dynamic frequency responses at the
                      concentration of isotropic-nematic (I-N) coexistence,
                      leading to various field-induced phases/states. As a low
                      frequency response, two sharp transitions of chiral-nematic
                      phases and dynamical states are induced, while as one
                      transition is found to a homeotropic phases that is
                      stabilized at a high-frequency. The characterizations of
                      field-induced phases/states, and critical slowing down
                      behaviors in the non-equilibrium criticality are discussed,
                      by means of image-time correlation, dynamic light scattering
                      and electric birefringence. For the equilibrium phase
                      behaviors, depolarized optical morphology is studied with
                      their texture dynamics, as an increase of rod concentration
                      for a long equilibration time (80-100 h). Structure arrest
                      has been observed by dynamic light scattering, above a glass
                      transition concentration. Below the glass transition
                      concentration, chiral-nematic textures are equilibrated at
                      low, but above the I-N coexistence concentration. At higher,
                      near to the glass transition concentration, another type of
                      the equilibrium is reached as “domain” textures (of the
                      helical domains) . Whether there will be a thermodynamic
                      access of the density in orientational domains in these
                      equilibrated textures in the interaction of charged chiral
                      rods would be an interesting issue.},
      cin          = {ICS-3},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-3-20110106},
      pnm          = {451 - Soft Matter Composites (POF2-451)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-451},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/152205},
}