TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, B. A.
AU  - Mwangi, B.
AU  - Matthews, K.
AU  - Coghill, D.
AU  - Konrad, K.
AU  - Steele, J. D.
TI  - Brainstem abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder support high accuracy individual diagnostic classification
JO  - Human brain mapping
VL  - 35
IS  - 10
SN  - 1097-0193
CY  - New York, NY
PB  - Wiley-Liss
M1  - FZJ-2014-02998
SP  - 5179–5189
PY  - 2014
AB  - Despite extensive research, psychiatry remains an essentially clinical and, therefore, subjective clinical discipline, with no objective biomarkers to guide clinical practice and research. Development of psychiatric biomarkers is consequently important. A promising approach involves the use of machine learning with neuroimaging, to make predictions of diagnosis and treatment response for individual patients. Herein, we describe predictions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis using structural T1 weighted brain scans obtained from 34 young males with ADHD and 34 controls and a support vector machine. We report 93% accuracy of individual subject diagnostic prediction. Importantly, automated selection of brain regions supporting prediction was used. High accuracy prediction was supported by a region of reduced white matter in the brainstem, associated with a pons volumetric reduction in ADHD, adjacent to the noradrenergic locus coeruleus and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area nuclei. Medications used to treat ADHD modify dopaminergic and noradrenergic function. The white matter brainstem finding raises the possibility of “catecholamine disconnection or dysregulation” contributing to the ADHD syndrome, ameliorated by medication
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000342667400017
C6  - pmid:24819333
DO  - DOI:10.1002/hbm.22542
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/153367
ER  -