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@ARTICLE{KiziltasYavuz:154081,
      author       = {Kiziltas-Yavuz, Nilüfer and Bhaskar, Aiswarya and Dixon,
                      Ditty and Yavuz, Murat and Nikolowski, Kristian and Lu, Li
                      and Eichel, Rüdiger-A. and Ehrenberg, Helmut},
      title        = {{I}mproving the rate capability of high voltage lithium-ion
                      battery cathode material {L}i{N}i0.5{M}n1.5{O}4 by ruthenium
                      doping},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {267},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-03483},
      pages        = {533 - 541},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The citric acid-assisted solegel method was used to produce
                      the high-voltage cathodes LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4and
                      LiNi0.4Ru0.05Mn1.5O4 at 800 C and 1000 C final calcination
                      temperatures. High resolution powderdiffraction using
                      synchrotron radiation, inductively coupled plasma e optical
                      emission spectroscopy andscanning electron microscopy
                      analyses were carried out to characterize the structure,
                      chemicalcomposition and morphology. X-ray absorption
                      spectroscopy studies were conducted to confirm Rudoping
                      inside the spinel as well as to compare the oxidation states
                      of transition metals. The formation ofan impurity LixNi1xO
                      in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders annealed at high temperatures (T
                      800 C) can besuppressed by partial substitution of Ni2þ by
                      Ru4þ ion. The LiNi0.4Ru0.05Mn1.5O4 powder synthesized
                      at1000 C shows the highest performance regarding the rate
                      capability and cycling stability. It has an initialcapacity
                      of ~139 mAh g1 and capacity retention of $84\%$ after 300
                      cycles at C/2 chargingedischarging ratebetween 3.5 and 5.0
                      V. The achievable discharge capacity at 20 C for a charging
                      rate of C/2 is~136 mAh g1 $(~98\%$ of the capacity delivered
                      at C/2). Since the electrode preparation plays a crucial
                      roleon parameters like the rate capability, the influence of
                      the mass loading of active materials in the cathodemixture
                      is discussed.© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {152 - Renewable Energies (POF2-152) / 123 - Fuel Cells
                      (POF2-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-152 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-123},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000339601800062},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.110},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/154081},
}