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@ARTICLE{Preller:154211,
      author       = {Preller, K. H. and Herdener, M. and Schilbach, L. and
                      Stampfli, P. and Hulka, L. M. and Vonmoos, M. and Ingold, N.
                      and Vogeley, K. and Tobler, P. N. and Seifritz, E. and
                      Quednow, B. B.},
      title        = {{F}unctional changes of the reward system underlie blunted
                      response to social gaze in cocaine users},
      journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
                      United States of America},
      volume       = {111},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1091-6490},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Academy},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-03590},
      pages        = {2842 - 2847},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Social interaction deficits in drug users likely impede
                      treatment, increase the burden of the affected families, and
                      consequently contribute to the high costs for society
                      associated with addiction. Despite its significance, the
                      neural basis of altered social interaction in drug users is
                      currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated basal social
                      gaze behavior in cocaine users by applying behavioral,
                      psychophysiological, and functional brain-imaging methods.
                      In study I, 80 regular cocaine users and 63 healthy controls
                      completed an interactive paradigm in which the
                      participants’ gaze was recorded by an eye-tracking device
                      that controlled the gaze of an anthropomorphic virtual
                      character. Valence ratings of different eye-contact
                      conditions revealed that cocaine users show diminished
                      emotional engagement in social interaction, which was also
                      supported by reduced pupil responses. Study II investigated
                      the neural underpinnings of changes in social reward
                      processing observed in study I. Sixteen cocaine users and 16
                      controls completed a similar interaction paradigm as used in
                      study I while undergoing functional magnetic resonance
                      imaging. In response to social interaction, cocaine users
                      displayed decreased activation of the medial orbitofrontal
                      cortex, a key region of reward processing. Moreover, blunted
                      activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex was
                      significantly correlated with a decreased social network
                      size, reflecting problems in real-life social behavior
                      because of reduced social reward. In conclusion, basic
                      social interaction deficits in cocaine users as observed
                      here may arise from altered social reward processing.
                      Consequently, these results point to the importance of
                      reinstatement of social reward in the treatment of stimulant
                      addiction.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {000},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333) / 89572 - (Dys-)function and
                      Plasticity (POF2-89572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000331396500086},
      pubmed       = {pmid:24449854},
      doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1317090111},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/154211},
}