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@ARTICLE{Pedrosa:154328,
      author       = {Pedrosa, David J. and Auth, Michelle and Pauls, K. Amande
                      M. and Runge, Matthias and Maarouf, Mohammad and Fink,
                      Gereon R. and Timmermann, Lars},
      title        = {{V}erbal {F}luency in {E}ssential {T}remor {P}atients:
                      {T}he {E}ffects of {D}eep {B}rain {S}timulation},
      journal      = {Brain stimulation},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1935-861X},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-03676},
      pages        = {359 - 364},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {ObjectiveTo assess the effects of different frequencies of
                      thalamic Deep-Brain-Stimulation (DBS) on cognitive
                      performance of patients suffering from Essential Tremor
                      (ET).MethodsIn 17 ET-patients with thalamic-DBS,
                      Tremor-Rating-Scale (TRS), standardized phonemic and
                      semantic verbal fluency (VF), Stroop-Color-Word-Test and
                      Digit-span-test were investigated in three randomized
                      stimulation-settings: i) high-frequency stimulation (HFS),
                      ii) low-frequency stimulation (LFS) and iii) OFF-stimulation
                      (DBS-OFF). Paired-samples t-test for TRS and one-way
                      repeated measures analysis of variance for cognitive
                      performance were calculated.ResultsTremor was reduced during
                      HFS (MeanTRS-HFS = 12.9 ± 9.6) compared to DBS-OFF
                      (MeanTRS-OFF = 44.4 ± 19.8, P < .001) and to LFS
                      (MeanTRS-10Hz = 50.0 ± 24.2; P < .001). While performance
                      of Stroop-task and digit-span remained unaffected by
                      stimulation-settings (P > .05), phonemic and semantic VF
                      differed significantly between the three conditions (FPvf =
                      5.28, FSvf = 3.41, both P < .05). Post-hoc comparisons
                      revealed significant differences for both phonemic and
                      semantic VF between LFS (MeanPvf-10Hz = 54.6 ± 9.2,
                      MeanSvf-10Hz = 56.4 ± 7.9) and HFS (MeanPvf-ON = 48.3 ±
                      11.4, MeanSvf-ON = 51.1 ± 11.0, both P < .05), while
                      DBS-OFF (MeanPvf-OFF = 51.2 ± 9.3, MeanSvf-OFF = 53.6 ±
                      12.9) and HFS and DBS-OFF and LFS did not differ
                      significantly (P > .05).ConclusionsHFS compared to LFS or
                      DBS-OFF significantly reduced tremor but simultaneously
                      worsened VF while working memory and cognitive inhibition
                      remained unaffected. In contrast, LFS enhanced VF but did
                      not ameliorate tremor. The data emphasize the relevance of
                      thalamocortical loops for verbal fluency but also suggest
                      that more sophisticated DBS-regimes in ET may improve both
                      motor and cognitive performance},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333) / 89572 - (Dys-)function and
                      Plasticity (POF2-89572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000335739400004},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.brs.2014.02.012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/154328},
}