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@ARTICLE{Engeler:15495,
      author       = {Engeler, I. and Hendricks-Franssen, H.J. and Muller, R. and
                      Stauffer, F.},
      title        = {{T}he importance of coupled modelling of variably saturated
                      groundwater flow-heat transport for assessing river-aquifer
                      interactions},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {397},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-15495},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {This work was partially supported by the EU 7th Framework
                      Programme GENESIS Project No. 226536.},
      abstract     = {This paper focuses on the role of heat transport in
                      river-aquifer interactions for the study area Hardhof
                      located in the Limmat valley within the city of Zurich
                      (Switzerland). On site there are drinking water production
                      facilities of Zurich water supply, which pump groundwater
                      and infiltrate bank filtration water from river Limmat. The
                      artificial recharge by basins and by wells creates a
                      hydraulic barrier against the potentially contaminated
                      groundwater flow from the city.A three-dimensional finite
                      element model of the coupled variably saturated groundwater
                      flow and heat transport was developed. The hydraulic
                      conductivity of the aquifer and the leakage coefficient of
                      the riverbed were calibrated for isothermal conditions by
                      inverse modelling, using the pilot point method.
                      River-aquifer interaction was modelled using a leakage
                      concept. Coupling was considered by temperature-dependent
                      values for hydraulic conductivity and for leakage
                      coefficients. The quality of the coupled model was tested
                      with the help of head and temperature measurements. Good
                      correspondence between simulated and measured temperatures
                      was found for the three pumping wells and seven piezometers.
                      However, deviations were observed for one pumping well and
                      two piezometers, which are situated in an area, where zones
                      with important hydrogeological heterogeneity are expected. A
                      comparison of simulation results with isothermal leakage
                      coefficients with those of temperature-dependent leakage
                      coefficients shows that the temperature dependence is able
                      to reduce the head residuals close to the river by up to
                      $30\%.$ The largest improvements are found in the zone,
                      where the river stage is considerably higher than the
                      groundwater level, which is in correspondence with the
                      expectations.Additional analyses also showed that the linear
                      leakage concept cannot reproduce the seepage flux in a
                      downstream section during flood events. It was found that
                      infiltration is enhanced during flood events, which is
                      attributed to additional infiltration areas. (C) 2010
                      Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt / GENESIS - Groundwater and dependent
                      Ecosystems: NEw Scientific basIS on climate change and
                      land-use impacts for the update of the EU Groundwater
                      Directive (226536)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407 / G:(EU-Grant)226536},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Civil / Geosciences, Multidisciplinary / Water
                      Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000287115300012},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.12.007},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/15495},
}