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@ARTICLE{Stockinger:154956,
      author       = {Stockinger, Michael and Bogena, Heye and Lücke, Andreas
                      and Diekkrüger, Bernd and Weiler, Markus and Vereecken,
                      Harry},
      title        = {{S}easonal soil moisture patterns: {C}ontrolling transit
                      time distributions in a forested headwater catchment},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {50},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {0043-1397},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {AGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-04165},
      pages        = {5270 - 5289},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The Transit Time Distribution (TTD) of a catchment is
                      frequently used for understanding flow paths, storage
                      characteristics, and runoff sources. Despite previous
                      studies, the connections between catchment characteristics
                      and TTDs are still not fully understood. We present results
                      from a 2 year stable isotope tracer investigation in the
                      forested Wüstebach headwater catchment (38.5 ha), including
                      precipitation, stream, and tributary locations. We used the
                      gauged outlet to determine effective precipitation (peff),
                      subdivided for wet and dry catchment state, and assumed it
                      to be spatially uniform. We then calculated TTDs of 14
                      ungauged stream and tributary locations where stable isotope
                      tracer information was available and compared them to
                      respective subcatchment areas and the proportion of riparian
                      zone within the subcatchments. Our approach gave insight
                      into the spatial heterogeneity of TTDs along the Wüstebach
                      River. We found that hydrological hillslope-riparian zone
                      disconnection was an important factor, as the catchment
                      shifted between two distinct, time-variant hydrological
                      responses that were governed by seasonal changes of overall
                      catchment wetness. The difference in hydrological behavior
                      of the riparian zone and hillslopes could explain the often
                      encountered “old water phenomenon,” where considerable
                      amounts of old water quickly appear as runoff. TTD results
                      showed a negative correlation between riparian zone
                      proportion and Mean Transit Time (MTT), corroborated by the
                      dense network of soil water content measurements. No
                      correlation between subcatchment size and MTT was found.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {246 - Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods
                      and Technologies (POF2-246) / 255 - Terrestrial Systems:
                      From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000340430400041},
      doi          = {10.1002/2013WR014815},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/154956},
}