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@ARTICLE{Beswick:155324,
      author       = {Beswick, K. and Baumgardner, D. and Gallagher, M. and
                      Volz-Thomas, A. and Nedelec, P. and Wang, K.-Y. and Lance,
                      S.},
      title        = {{T}he backscatter cloud probe - a compact low-profile
                      autonomous optical spectrometer},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1867-8548},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-04497},
      pages        = {1443 - 1457},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {A compact (500 cm3), lightweight (500 g), near-field,
                      single particle backscattering optical spectrometer is
                      described that mounts flush with the skin of an aircraft and
                      measures the concentration and optical equivalent diameter
                      of particles from 5 to 75 μm. The backscatter cloud probe
                      (BCP) was designed as a real-time qualitative cloud detector
                      primarily for data quality control of trace gas instruments
                      developed for the climate monitoring instrument packages
                      that are being installed on commercial passenger aircraft as
                      part of the European Union In-Service Aircraft for a Global
                      Observing System (IAGOS) program (http://www.iagos.org/).
                      Subsequent evaluations of the BCP measurements on a number
                      of research aircraft, however, have revealed it capable of
                      delivering quantitative particle data products including
                      size distributions, liquid-water content and other
                      information on cloud properties. We demonstrate the
                      instrument's capability for delivering useful long-term
                      climatological, as well as aviation performance information,
                      across a wide range of environmental conditions. The BCP has
                      been evaluated by comparing its measurements with those from
                      other cloud particle spectrometers on research aircraft and
                      several BCPs are currently flying on commercial A340/A330
                      Airbus passenger airliners. The design and calibration of
                      the BCP is described in this article, along with an
                      evaluation of measurements made on the research and
                      commercial aircraft. Preliminary results from more than 7000
                      h of airborne measurements by the BCP on two Airbus A340s
                      operating on routine global traffic routes (one Lufthansa,
                      the other China Airlines) show that more than 340 h of cloud
                      data have been recorded at normal cruise altitudes (> 10 km)
                      and more than $40\%$ of the > 1200 flights were through
                      clouds at some point between takeoff and landing. These data
                      are a valuable contribution to databases of cloud
                      properties, including sub-visible cirrus, in the upper
                      troposphere and useful for validating satellite retrievals
                      of cloud water and effective radius; in addition, providing
                      a broader, geographically and climatologically relevant view
                      of cloud microphysical variability that is useful for
                      improving parameterizations of clouds in climate models.
                      Moreover, they are also useful for monitoring the vertical
                      climatology of clouds over airports, especially those over
                      megacities where pollution emissions may be impacting local
                      and regional climate.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000336740700018},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-7-1443-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/155324},
}