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@ARTICLE{Vonberg:155364,
      author       = {Vonberg, David and Hofmann, Diana and Vanderborght, Jan and
                      Lelickens, Anna and Köppchen, Stephan and Pütz, Thomas and
                      Burauel, Peter and Vereecken, Harry},
      title        = {{A}trazine {S}oil {C}ore {R}esidue {A}nalysis from an
                      {A}gricultural {F}ield 21 {Y}ears after {I}ts {B}an},
      journal      = {Journal of environmental quality},
      volume       = {43},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0047-2425},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {ASA [u.a.]},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-04533},
      pages        = {1450 -},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Atrazine
                      (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine)
                      groundwater monitoring in the Zwischenscholle aquifer in
                      western Germany revealed concentrations exceeding the
                      threshold value of 0.1 μg L−1 and increasing
                      concentration trends even 20 yr after its ban. Accordingly,
                      the hypothesis was raised that a continued release of bound
                      atrazine residues from the soil into the Zwischenscholle
                      aquifer in combination with the low atrazine degradation in
                      groundwater contributes to elevated atrazine in groundwater.
                      Three soil cores reaching down to the groundwater table were
                      taken from an agricultural field where atrazine had been
                      applied before its ban in 1991. Atrazine residues were
                      extracted from eight soil layers down to 300 cm using
                      accelerated solvent extraction and analyzed using liquid
                      chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Extracted
                      atrazine concentrations ranged between 0.2 and 0.01 μg
                      kg−1 for topsoil and subsoil, respectively. The extracted
                      mass from the soil profiles represented $0.07\%$ of the
                      applied mass, with $0.01\%$ remaining in the top layer. A
                      complete and instantaneous remobilization of atrazine
                      residues and vertical mixing with the groundwater body below
                      would lead to atrazine groundwater concentrations of 0.068
                      μg L−1. Considering the area where atrazine was applied
                      in the region and assuming instantaneous lateral mixing in
                      the Zwischenscholle aquifer would result in a mean
                      groundwater concentration of 0.002 μg L−1. A conservative
                      estimation suggests an atrazine half-life value of about 2
                      yr for the soil zone, which significantly exceeds highest
                      atrazine half-lives found in the literature (433 d for
                      subsurface soils). The long-term environmental behavior of
                      atrazine and its metabolites thus needs to be reconsidered.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {246 - Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods
                      and Technologies (POF2-246) / 255 - Terrestrial Systems:
                      From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000339273000035},
      doi          = {10.2134/jeq2013.12.0497},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/155364},
}