% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Tian:155387,
      author       = {Tian, J. and Riemer, N. and West, M. and Pfaffenberger, L.
                      and Schlager, H. and Petzold, A.},
      title        = {{M}odeling the evolution of aerosol particles in a ship
                      plume using {P}art{MC}-{MOSAIC}},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-04556},
      pages        = {5327 - 5347},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {This study investigates the evolution of ship-emitted
                      aerosol particles using the stochastic particle-resolved
                      model PartMC-MOSAIC (Particle Monte Carlo model-Model for
                      Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry). Comparisons
                      of our results with observations from the QUANTIFY
                      (Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and European
                      Transport Systems) study in 2007 in the English Channel and
                      the Gulf of Biscay showed that the model was able to
                      reproduce the observed evolution of total number
                      concentration and the vanishing of the nucleation mode
                      consisting of sulfate particles. Further process analysis
                      revealed that during the first hour after emission, dilution
                      reduced the total number concentration by four orders of
                      magnitude, while coagulation reduced it by an additional
                      order of magnitude. Neglecting coagulation resulted in an
                      overprediction of more than one order of magnitude in the
                      number concentration of particles smaller than 40 nm at a
                      plume age of 100 s. Coagulation also significantly altered
                      the mixing state of the particles, leading to a continuum of
                      internal mixtures of sulfate and black carbon. The impact on
                      cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations depended on
                      the supersaturation threshold S at which CCN activity was
                      evaluated. For the base case conditions, characterized by a
                      low formation rate of secondary aerosol species, neglecting
                      coagulation, but simulating condensation, led to an
                      underestimation of CCN concentrations of about $37\%$ for S
                      = $0.3\%$ at the end of the 14-h simulation. In contrast,
                      for supersaturations higher than $0.7\%,$ neglecting
                      coagulation resulted in an overestimation of CCN
                      concentration, about $75\%$ for S = $1\%.$ For S lower than
                      $0.2\%$ the differences between simulations including
                      coagulation and neglecting coagulation were negligible.
                      Neglecting condensation, but simulating coagulation did not
                      impact the CCN concentrations below $0.2\%$ and resulted in
                      an underestimation of CCN concentrations for larger
                      supersaturations, e.g., $18\%$ for S = $0.6\%.$ We also
                      explored the role of nucleation for the CCN concentrations
                      in the ship plume. For the base case the impact of
                      nucleation on CCN concentrations was limited, but for a
                      sensitivity case with higher formation rates of secondary
                      aerosol over several hours, the CCN concentrations increased
                      by an order of magnitude for supersaturation thresholds
                      above $0.3\%.$},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000337803100005},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-14-5327-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/155387},
}