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@ARTICLE{Baumgardner:155460,
      author       = {Baumgardner, Darrel and Newton, Roy and Krämer, Martina
                      and Meyer, Jessica and Beyer, Alexander and Wendisch,
                      Manfred and Vochezer, Paul},
      title        = {{T}he {C}loud {P}article {S}pectrometer with {P}olarization
                      {D}etection ({CPSPD}): {A} next generation open-path cloud
                      probe for distinguishing liquid cloud droplets from ice
                      crystals},
      journal      = {Atmospheric research},
      volume       = {142},
      issn         = {0169-8095},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-04626},
      pages        = {2 - 14},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The differentiation of small water droplets and ice
                      crystals by in situ measurements, in the size range < 50
                      μm, remains a challenge and the lack of such measurements
                      is an obstacle to progress in understanding ice formation in
                      clouds. A new microphysical instrument, the Cloud Particle
                      Spectrometer with Polarization Detection (CPSPD), has been
                      developed that measures light intensity scattered (in
                      forward and backward directions) by individual cloud
                      particles that pass through a focused laser beam and derives
                      their size and thermodynamic phase (liquid or ice) in the
                      optical diameter range from 2 to 50 μm. The optical
                      equivalent diameter is derived from the light scattered in
                      the forward direction. The change in polarization state of
                      the incident light, caused by interaction with the cloud
                      particle, is determined from the polarized components of the
                      backscattered light. The CPSPD, along with several other
                      cloud microphysical probes, has been flown on the University
                      of North Dakota Citation aircraft in mixed phase clouds. It
                      has also been deployed and operated at the Zugspitze
                      research station studying mountain clouds. The preliminary
                      results show that liquid cloud droplets can be distinguished
                      from ice crystals and that the ice fraction can be
                      estimated; an important parameter for better understanding
                      of cloud processes, particularly that of glaciation.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {234 - Composition and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and
                      Stratosphere (POF2-234)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-234},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000334137500002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.12.010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/155460},
}