000155469 001__ 155469 000155469 005__ 20240712100915.0 000155469 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.5194/acpd-14-12071-2014 000155469 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/7944 000155469 037__ $$aFZJ-2014-04635 000155469 082__ $$a550 000155469 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMolleker, S.$$b0$$eCorresponding Author 000155469 245__ $$aMicrophysical properties of synoptic scale polar stratospheric clouds: In situ measurements of unexpectedly large HNO3 containing particles in the Artic vortex 000155469 260__ $$aKatlenburg-Lindau$$bEGU$$c2014 000155469 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s155469 000155469 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000155469 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000155469 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000155469 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000155469 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000155469 520__ $$a In January 2010 and December 2011 synoptic scale PSC fields were probed during seven flights of the high altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica within the RECONCILE (Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interaction.) and the ESSenCe (ESSenCe: ESA Sounder Campaign) projects. Particle size distributions in a diameter range between 0.46 μm and 40 μm were recorded simultaneously by up to four different optical in situ instruments. Three of these particle instruments are based on the detection of forward scattered light by single particles. The fourth instrument is a grey scale optical array imaging probe. Optical particle diameters of up to 35 μm were detected with particle number densities and total particle volumes exceeding previous Arctic measurements. Also, gas phase and particle bound NOy were measured, as well as water vapor concentrations, and other variables. Two remote sensing particle instruments, the Miniature Aerosol Lidar (MAL) and the backscatter sonde (MAS, Multiwavelenght Aerosol Scatterometer) showed the synoptic scale of the encountered PSCs. The particle mode below 2 μm in size diameter has been identified as supercooled ternary solution droplets (STS). The PSC particles in the size range above 2 μm in diameter are considered to consist of nitric acid hydrates or ice, and the particles' high HNO3 content was confirmed by the NOy instrument. Assuming a particle composition of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), the optically measured size distributions result in particle-phase HNO3 mixing ratios exceeding available stratospheric values. In particular, with respect to the denitrification by sedimentation of large HNO3-contaning particles, generally considered as NAT, our new measurements raise questions concerning composition, shape and nucleation pathways. Measurement uncertainties are discussed concerning probable overestimations of measured particle sizes and volumes. We hypothesize that either a strong asphericity or the particle composition (e.g. water-ice coated with NAT) could explain our observations. 000155469 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF2-234$$a234 - Composition and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and Stratosphere (POF2-234)$$cPOF2-234$$fPOF II$$x0 000155469 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBorrmann, S.$$b1 000155469 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchlager, H.$$b2 000155469 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLuo, B. 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