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@ARTICLE{Preusse:155641,
      author       = {Preusse, P. and Ern, M. and Bechtold, P. and Eckermann, S.
                      D. and Kalisch, S. and Trinh, Thai and Riese, M.},
      title        = {{C}haracteristics of gravity waves resolved by {ECMWF}},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / Discussions},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1680-7375},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-04698},
      pages        = {11961 - 12018},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Global model data of the European Centre for Medium-Range
                      Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are analyzed for resolved gravity
                      waves (GWs). Based on fitted 3-D wave vectors of individual
                      waves and using the ECMWF global scale background fields,
                      backward ray-tracing from 25 km altitude is performed.
                      Different sources such as orography, convection and winter
                      storms are identified. It is found that due to oblique
                      propagation waves spread widely from narrow source regions.
                      Gravity waves which originate from regions of strong
                      convection are frequently excited around the tropopause and
                      have in the ECMWF model low phase and group velocities as
                      well as very long horizontal wavelengths compared to other
                      models and to measurements. While the total amount of
                      momentum flux for convective GWs changes little over season,
                      GWs generated by storms and mountain waves show large
                      day-to-day variability, which has a strong influence also on
                      total hemispheric fluxes: from one day to the next the total
                      hemispheric flux may increase by a factor of 3. Implications
                      of these results for using the ECMWF model in predicting,
                      analyzing and interpreting global GW distributions as well
                      as implications for seamless climate prediction are
                      discussed.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {234 - Composition and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and
                      Stratosphere (POF2-234) / HITEC - Helmholtz
                      Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate
                      Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-234 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/acpd-14-11961-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/155641},
}