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@ARTICLE{Mulder:155753,
      author       = {Mulder, M. D. and Heil, A. and Kukučka, P. and Klánová,
                      J. and Kuta, J. and Prokeš, R. and Sprovieri, F. and
                      Lammel, G.},
      title        = {{A}ir–sea exchange and gas–particle partitioning of
                      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the {M}editerranean},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {17},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-04760},
      pages        = {8905 - 8915},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration in air
                      of the central and eastern Mediterranean in summer 2010 was
                      1.45 (0.30–3.25) ng m−3 (sum of 25 PAHs), with 8
                      $(1–17)\%$ in the particulate phase, almost exclusively
                      associated with particles < 0.25 μm. The total deposition
                      flux of particulate PAHs was 0.3–0.5 μ g m−2 yr−1.
                      The diffusive air–sea exchange fluxes of fluoranthene and
                      pyrene were mostly found net-depositional or close to phase
                      equilibrium, while retene was net-volatilisational in a
                      large sea region. Regional fire activity records in
                      combination with box model simulations suggest that seasonal
                      depositional input of retene from biomass burning into the
                      surface waters during summer is followed by an annual
                      reversal of air–sea exchange, while interannual
                      variability is dominated by the variability of the fire
                      season. One-third of primary retene sources to the sea
                      region in the period 2005–2010 returned to the atmosphere
                      as secondary emissions from surface seawaters. It is
                      concluded that future negative emission trends or
                      interannual variability of regional sources may trigger the
                      sea to become a secondary PAH source through reversal of
                      diffusive air–sea exchange.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000341992000004},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-14-8905-2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/155753},
}