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| Hauptseite > Publikationsdatenbank > Atmospheric Abundances, Trends and Emissions of CFC-216ba, CFC-216ca and HCFC-225ca > print |
| Hauptseite > Publikationsdatenbank > Atmospheric Abundances, Trends and Emissions of CFC-216ba, CFC-216ca and HCFC-225ca > print |
| 001 | 156078 | ||
| 005 | 20240712100831.0 | ||
| 024 | 7 | _ | |2 doi |a 10.3390/atmos5020420 |
| 024 | 7 | _ | |2 WOS |a WOS:000338665800014 |
| 024 | 7 | _ | |2 Handle |a 2128/9145 |
| 024 | 7 | _ | |a altmetric:2402735 |2 altmetric |
| 037 | _ | _ | |a FZJ-2014-04959 |
| 082 | _ | _ | |a 550 |
| 100 | 1 | _ | |0 P:(DE-Juel1)161426 |a Kloss, Corinna |b 0 |e Corresponding Author |u fzj |
| 245 | _ | _ | |a Atmospheric Abundances, Trends and Emissions of CFC-216ba, CFC-216ca and HCFC-225ca |
| 260 | _ | _ | |a Basel, Switzerland |b MDPI AG |c 2014 |
| 336 | 7 | _ | |0 PUB:(DE-HGF)16 |2 PUB:(DE-HGF) |a Journal Article |b journal |m journal |s 1411126964_22741 |
| 336 | 7 | _ | |2 DataCite |a Output Types/Journal article |
| 336 | 7 | _ | |0 0 |2 EndNote |a Journal Article |
| 336 | 7 | _ | |2 BibTeX |a ARTICLE |
| 336 | 7 | _ | |2 ORCID |a JOURNAL_ARTICLE |
| 336 | 7 | _ | |2 DRIVER |a article |
| 520 | _ | _ | |a The first observations of the feedstocks, CFC-216ba (1,2-dichlorohexafluoropropane) and CFC-216ca (1,3-dichlorohexafluoropropane), as well as the CFC substitute HCFC-225ca (3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane), are reported in air samples collected between 1978 and 2012 at Cape Grim, Tasmania. Present day (2012) mixing ratios are 37.8 ± 0.08 ppq (parts per quadrillion; 1015) and 20.2 ± 0.3 ppq for CFC-216ba and CFC-216ca, respectively. The abundance of CFC-216ba has been approximately constant for the past 20 years, whilst that of CFC-216ca is increasing, at a current rate of 0.2 ppq/year. Upper tropospheric air samples collected in 2013 suggest a further continuation of this trend. Inferred annual emissions peaked 421 at 0.18 Gg/year (CFC-216ba) and 0.05 Gg/year (CFC-216ca) in the mid-1980s and then decreased sharply as expected from the Montreal Protocol phase-out schedule for CFCs. The atmospheric trend of CFC-216ca and CFC-216ba translates into continuing emissions of around 0.01 Gg/year in 2011, indicating that significant banks still exist or that they are still being used. HCFC-225ca was not detected in air samples collected before 1992. The highest mixing ratio of 52 ± 1 ppq was observed in 2001. Increasing annual emissions were found in the 1990s (i.e., when HCFC-225ca was being introduced as a replacement for CFCs). Emissions peaked around 1999 at about 1.51 Gg/year. In accordance with the Montreal Protocol, restrictions on HCFC consumption and the short lifetime of HCFC-225ca, mixing ratios declined after 2001 to 23.3 ± 0.7 ppq by 2012. |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |a Newland, Mike |b 1 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |a Oram, David |b 2 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |a Fraser, Paul |b 3 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |a Brenninkmeijer, Carl |b 4 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |a Röckmann, Thomas |b 5 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |0 P:(DE-HGF)0 |a Laube, Johannes |b 6 |
| 773 | _ | _ | |0 PERI:(DE-600)2605928-9 |a 10.3390/atmos5020420 |g Vol. 5, no. 2, p. 420 - 434 |n 2 |p 420 - 434 |t Atmosphere |v 5 |x 2073-4433 |y 2014 |
| 856 | 4 | _ | |u https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/156078/files/FZJ-2014-04959.pdf |y OpenAccess |
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