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@ARTICLE{Kalisch:156131,
      author       = {Kalisch, Silvio and Preusse, Peter and Ern, Manfred and
                      Eckermann, Stephen D. and Riese, Martin},
      title        = {{D}ifferences in gravity wave drag between realistic
                      oblique and assumed vertical propagation},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {119},
      number       = {17},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-04992},
      pages        = {10,081-10,099},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Gravity wave (GW) parametrizations for general circulation
                      models (GCMs) restrict the propagation of GWs to the
                      vertical direction. The influence of this vertical-only
                      propagation assumption on the distribution of GW drag (GWD)
                      has not yet been investigated. Thus, we present results of
                      two global GW ray tracing simulations, one with full
                      three-dimensional propagation (GWO) and a second one with
                      vertical-only propagation (GWV) of GWs for January and July
                      2008. The Gravity wave Regional Or Global RAy Tracer
                      (GROGRAT) was used to perform these simulations with a
                      global homogeneous and isotropic launch distribution. Both
                      simulations, GWO and GWV, are analyzed with respect to GWD
                      in the zonal and meridional direction. The location of zonal
                      GWD maxima changes. GWO shows in comparison to GWV a
                      poleward shift of zonal GWD in both seasons with increased
                      GWD at the summer stratopause. The meridional GWD is much
                      stronger in the GWO case, spatially correlated with the
                      zonal drag, and is generally poleward directed. These
                      features in zonal and meridional drag are consistent with a
                      general prevalence of poleward propagation of GWs.
                      Additional simulations suggest that this is due to the
                      Coriolis effect as well as wind filtering around the
                      tropopause, allowing more GWs to propagate into the middle
                      atmosphere. We infer how GWs of different horizontal
                      wavelengths and phase speeds cause the main differences in
                      GWD in the middle atmosphere. A simple test for GCMs is
                      proposed to assess the effects of the altered meridional
                      drag on the general circulation and the interaction with
                      planetary waves},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {234 - Composition and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and
                      Stratosphere (POF2-234)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-234},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000342914200001},
      doi          = {10.1002/2014JD021779},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/156131},
}