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@ARTICLE{Szot:15616,
      author       = {Szot, K. and Rogala, M. and Speier, W. and Klusek, Z. and
                      Besmehn, A. and Waser, R.},
      title        = {{T}i{O}2-a prototypical memristive material},
      journal      = {Nanotechnology},
      volume       = {22},
      issn         = {0957-4484},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-15616},
      pages        = {1 - 21},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Redox-based memristive switching has been observed in many
                      binary transition metal oxides and related compounds. Since,
                      on the one hand, many recent reports utilize TiO(2) for
                      their studies of the memristive phenomenon and, on the other
                      hand, there is a long history of the electronic structure
                      and the crystallographic structure of TiO(2) under the
                      impact of reduction and oxidation processes, we selected
                      this material as a prototypical material to provide deeper
                      insight into the mechanisms behind memristive switching. In
                      part I, we briefly outline the results of the historical and
                      recent studies of electroforming and resistive switching of
                      TiO(2)-based cells. We describe the (tiny) stoichiometrical
                      range for TiO(2 - x) as a homogeneous compound, the
                      aggregation of point defects (oxygen vacancies) into
                      extended defects, and the formation of the various Magnéli
                      phases. Furthermore, we discuss the driving forces for these
                      solid-state reactions from the thermodynamical point of
                      view. In part II, we provide new experimental details about
                      the hierarchical transformation of TiO(2) single crystals
                      into Magnéli phases, and vice versa, under the influence of
                      chemical, electrical and thermal gradients, on the basis of
                      the macroscopic and nanoscopic measurements. Those include
                      thermogravimetry, high-temperature x-ray diffraction (XRD),
                      high-temperature conductivity measurements, as well as
                      low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), x-ray photoelectron
                      spectroscopy (XPS), and LC-AFM (atomic force microscope
                      equipped with a conducting tip) studies. Conclusions are
                      drawn concerning the relevant parameters that need to be
                      controlled in order to tailor the memristive properties.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {JARA-FIT / PGI-7 / ZCH},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {$I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)ZCH-20090406},
      pnm          = {Grundlagen für zukünftige Informationstechnologien},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK412},
      shelfmark    = {Nanoscience $\&$ Nanotechnology / Materials Science,
                      Multidisciplinary / Physics, Applied},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21572202},
      UT           = {WOS:000290619900002},
      doi          = {10.1088/0957-4484/22/25/254001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/15616},
}