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000156380 041__ $$aEnglish
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000156380 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)136680$$aZhang, C.$$b0$$eCorresponding Author$$ufzj
000156380 245__ $$aRoot foraging elicits niche complementarity-dependent yield advantage in the ancient 'three sisters' (maize/bean/squash) polyculture
000156380 260__ $$aOxford$$bOxford University Press$$c2014
000156380 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1417012251_32597
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000156380 520__ $$aBackground and Aims Since ancient times in the Americas, maize, bean and squash have been grown together in a polyculture known as the ‘three sisters’. This polyculture and its maize/bean variant have greater yield than component monocultures on a land-equivalent basis. This study shows that below-ground niche complementarity may contribute to this yield advantage.Methods Monocultures and polycultures of maize, bean and squash were grown in two seasons in field plots differing in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Root growth patterns of individual crops and entire polycultures were determined using a modified DNA-based technique to discriminate roots of different species.Key Results The maize/bean/squash and maize/bean polycultures had greater yield and biomass production on a land-equivalent basis than the monocultures. Increased biomass production was largely caused by a complementarity effect rather than a selection effect. The differences in root crown architecture and vertical root distribution among the components of the ‘three sisters’ suggest that these species have different, possibly complementary, nutrient foraging strategies. Maize foraged relatively shallower, common bean explored the vertical soil profile more equally, while the root placement of squash depended on P availability. The density of lateral root branching was significantly greater for all species in the polycultures than in the monocultures.Conclusions It is concluded that species differences in root foraging strategies increase total soil exploration, with consequent positive effects on the growth and yield of these ancient polycultures.
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000156380 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)144879$$aPostma, Johannes Auke$$b1
000156380 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aYork, L. M.$$b2
000156380 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLynch, J. P.$$b3
000156380 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1461328-1$$a10.1093/aob/mcu191$$gp. mcu191$$n8$$p1719-1733$$tAnnals of botany$$v114$$x1095-8290$$y2014
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