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@ARTICLE{Behn:15911,
      author       = {Behn, H. and Walter, A. and Schurr, U. and Noga, G. and
                      Ulbrich, A.},
      title        = {{D}evelopment-dependent {UV}-{B} {R}esponses in {R}ed {O}ak
                      {L}eaf {L}ettuce ({L}actuca sativa{L}.): {P}hysiological
                      {M}echanisms and {S}ignificance for {H}ardening},
      journal      = {European Journal of Horticultural Science},
      volume       = {76},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-15911},
      pages        = {33 - 40},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {The authors thank the technical staff of Marhof
                      Experimental Station for their assistance during the
                      experiment, particularly Britta Albinus for intense support
                      at cultivation and sampling and Gesa Dickhof for lab works.
                      Transmission data of the covering materials were kindly
                      provided by Centrosolar Glas GmbH $\&$ Co. KG, Furth,
                      Germany. The work was founded by grants of the
                      Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (project
                      0330724C).},
      abstract     = {Plants protect themselves against potentially harmful UV-B
                      radiation mainly by epidermal accumulation of UV-B shielding
                      phenolic compounds and repair of cellular damage. The
                      capacity and necessity for these protection mechanisms alter
                      with the stage of plant and leaf development, which might be
                      crucial for horticultural hardening techniques aiming at a
                      UV-B pre-acclimation of greenhouse grown seedlings before
                      transplantation to the field. In order to examine the
                      development-dependence of UV-B responses and to estimate the
                      efficiency of different hardening strategies, lettuce
                      (Lactuca sativa L., var. crispa L. `Bughatti') was raised in
                      greenhouses covered with a UV-B transmitting and a UV-B
                      excluding covering material and transferred from one
                      treatment to the other at the age of 20 days. Plant fresh
                      mass and flavonoid content were frequently determined.
                      Distribution of flavonoids within the plants was assessed by
                      extraction of different leaf age classes. Continuous
                      exposure to near ambient UV-B induced a strong enhancement
                      in cyanidin and quercetin content and a severe growth
                      reduction, whereas late UV-B treatment merely led to a
                      slight enhancement of quercetin in the absence of any growth
                      response. At the leaf level, continuous UV-B exposure caused
                      a comparable quercetin induction at all three stages of leaf
                      development, whereas late treatment caused a much stronger
                      response in young compared to intermediate and old leaves.
                      These findings indicate that UV-B effects on growth and
                      flavonoid content and pattern of lettuce plants are highly
                      dependent on the leaf and plant developmental stage. We
                      conclude that UV-B exposure throughout seedling development
                      is a more efficient hardening strategy than late short-term
                      exposure.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Horticulture},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000296172300001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/15911},
}