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@ARTICLE{Breede:15980,
      author       = {Breede, K. and Kemna, A. and Esser, O. and Zimmermann, E.
                      and Vereecken, H. and Huisman, J.A.},
      title        = {{J}oint {M}easurement {S}etup for {D}etermining {S}pectral
                      {I}nduced {P}olarization and {S}oil {H}ydraulic
                      {P}roperties},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {10},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-15980},
      pages        = {716 - 726},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {The study is part of the SFB TR32 "Patterns in
                      soil-vegetation-atmosphere systems: monitoring, modeling and
                      data assimilation" sponsored by the German Science
                      Foundation (DFG). We also thank Jurgen Holtkemeier, Ansgar
                      Weuthen, and Ferdinand Engels for the design and support of
                      the multistep outflow equipment and the measurement cells.
                      We thank the Associate Editor Andre Revil and two anonymous
                      reviewers for their constructive reviews.},
      abstract     = {The prediction capabilities of unsaturated flow and
                      transport models are often limited by insufficient knowledge
                      about the structural and textural heterogeneity of the soil.
                      To obtain more information about soil structure, texture,
                      and heterogeneity, as well as hydraulic properties,
                      noninvasive spectral induced polarization (SIP) measurements
                      have shown promise. However, there clearly is a need for
                      more detailed investigations on the relation between SIP and
                      hydraulic properties, in particular for unsaturated soil. To
                      address this need, we developed a novel experimental setup
                      that allows simultaneous determination of hydraulic and
                      electrical properties. Our setup consists of multi step
                      ouflow equipment for hydraulic measurements and an
                      electrical impedance spectrometer for measurements of the
                      complex electrical conductivity. Two different measurement
                      cells were constructed. The first measurement cell can only
                      be used for nonshrinking soil, while the other one also
                      allows measurements on mildly shrinking soil. Test
                      measurements showed that the measurement accuracy is very
                      high for the complex electrical conductivity. Nonpolarizable
                      point electrodes are used for voltage measurements, ensuring
                      a good contact to the sample for a wide range of water
                      saturations. An experiment performed on unconsolidated sand
                      investigated the dependence of the complex electrical
                      conductivity and fitted Cole-Cole parameters on water
                      saturation. The phase values and chargeability increased
                      with decreasing saturation. The relaxation time associated
                      with a phase peak was independent of saturation and
                      corresponded reasonably to the average grain size of the
                      sand. Therefore, no relationship between relaxation time and
                      unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was found for this
                      well-sorted sand.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3 / ZEL},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118 / I:(DE-Juel1)ZEL-20090406},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Soil Science / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000291396000024},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2010.0110},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/15980},
}