TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, R.
AU  - Willibald, G.
AU  - Feng, Q.
AU  - Zheng, X.
AU  - Liao, T.
AU  - Brüggemann, N.
AU  - Butterbach-Bahl, K.
TI  - Measurement of N2, N2O, NO and CO2 emissions from soil with the gas-flow-soil-core technique
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
VL  - 45
SN  - 0013-936X
CY  - Columbus, Ohio
PB  - American Chemical Society
M1  - PreJuSER-16355
SP  - 6066 - 6072
PY  - 2011
N1  - This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, FG536, MAGIM), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40805061, 41021004), and the NitroEurope project. Technical assistance from Meike Sauerwein, Guangren Liu, Yinghong Wang, Yang Sun, and Dongsheng Ji is acknowledged.
AB  - Here we describe a newly designed system with three stand-alone working incubation vessels for simultaneous measurements of N(2), N(2)O, NO, and CO(2) emissions from soil. Due to the use of a new micro thermal conductivity detector and the redesign of vessels and gas sampling a so-far unmatched sensitivity (0.23 μg N(2)-N h(-1) kg(-1) ds or 8.1 μg N(2)-N m(-2) h(-1)) for detecting N(2) gas emissions and repeatability of experiments could be achieved. We further tested different incubation methods to improve the quantification of N(2) emission via denitrification following the initialization of soil anaerobiosis. The best results with regard to the establishment of a full N balance (i.e., the changes in mineral N content being offset by simultaneous emission of N gases) were obtained when the anaerobic soil incubation at 25 °C was preceded by soil gas exchange under aerobic conditions at a lower incubation temperature. The ratios of N and C gas emission changed very dynamically following the initialization of anaerobiosis. For soil NO(3)(-) contents of 50 mg N kg(-1) dry soil (ds) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of approximately 300 mg C kg(-1) ds, the cumulative emissions of N(2), N(2)O, and NO were 24.3 ± 0.1, 12.6 ± 0.4, and 10.1 ± 0.3 mg N kg(-1) ds, respectively. Thus, N gas emissions accounted (on average) for 46.2% (N(2)), 24.0% (N(2)O), and 19.2% (NO) of the observed changes in soil NO(3)(-). The maximum N(2) emission reached 1200 μg N h(-1) kg(-1) ds, whereas the peak emissions of N(2)O and NO were lower by a factor of 2-3. The overall N(2):N(2)O and NO:N(2)O molar ratios were 1.6-10.0 and 1.6-2.3, respectively. The measurement system provides a reliable tool for studying denitrification in soil because it offers insights into the dynamics and magnitude of gaseous N emissions due to denitrification under various incubation conditions.
KW  - Anaerobiosis
KW  - Atmosphere: chemistry
KW  - Carbon Dioxide: analysis
KW  - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
KW  - Models, Chemical
KW  - Nitrogen: analysis
KW  - Nitrogen Oxides: analysis
KW  - Soil: chemistry
KW  - Nitrogen Oxides (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Soil (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Carbon Dioxide (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Nitrogen (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - J (WoSType)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:21678900
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000292850200022
DO  - DOI:10.1021/es1036578
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/16355
ER  -