% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Wang:16355,
      author       = {Wang, R. and Willibald, G. and Feng, Q. and Zheng, X. and
                      Liao, T. and Brüggemann, N. and Butterbach-Bahl, K.},
      title        = {{M}easurement of {N}2, {N}2{O}, {NO} and {CO}2 emissions
                      from soil with the gas-flow-soil-core technique},
      journal      = {Environmental Science $\&$ Technology},
      volume       = {45},
      issn         = {0013-936X},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-16355},
      pages        = {6066 - 6072},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {This work was funded by the German Research Foundation
                      (DFG, FG536, MAGIM), the National Natural Science Foundation
                      of China (40805061, 41021004), and the NitroEurope project.
                      Technical assistance from Meike Sauerwein, Guangren Liu,
                      Yinghong Wang, Yang Sun, and Dongsheng Ji is acknowledged.},
      abstract     = {Here we describe a newly designed system with three
                      stand-alone working incubation vessels for simultaneous
                      measurements of N(2), N(2)O, NO, and CO(2) emissions from
                      soil. Due to the use of a new micro thermal conductivity
                      detector and the redesign of vessels and gas sampling a
                      so-far unmatched sensitivity (0.23 μg N(2)-N h(-1) kg(-1)
                      ds or 8.1 μg N(2)-N m(-2) h(-1)) for detecting N(2) gas
                      emissions and repeatability of experiments could be
                      achieved. We further tested different incubation methods to
                      improve the quantification of N(2) emission via
                      denitrification following the initialization of soil
                      anaerobiosis. The best results with regard to the
                      establishment of a full N balance (i.e., the changes in
                      mineral N content being offset by simultaneous emission of N
                      gases) were obtained when the anaerobic soil incubation at
                      25 °C was preceded by soil gas exchange under aerobic
                      conditions at a lower incubation temperature. The ratios of
                      N and C gas emission changed very dynamically following the
                      initialization of anaerobiosis. For soil NO(3)(-) contents
                      of 50 mg N kg(-1) dry soil (ds) and dissolved organic carbon
                      (DOC) concentrations of approximately 300 mg C kg(-1) ds,
                      the cumulative emissions of N(2), N(2)O, and NO were 24.3 ±
                      0.1, 12.6 ± 0.4, and 10.1 ± 0.3 mg N kg(-1) ds,
                      respectively. Thus, N gas emissions accounted (on average)
                      for $46.2\%$ (N(2)), $24.0\%$ (N(2)O), and $19.2\%$ (NO) of
                      the observed changes in soil NO(3)(-). The maximum N(2)
                      emission reached 1200 μg N h(-1) kg(-1) ds, whereas the
                      peak emissions of N(2)O and NO were lower by a factor of
                      2-3. The overall N(2):N(2)O and NO:N(2)O molar ratios were
                      1.6-10.0 and 1.6-2.3, respectively. The measurement system
                      provides a reliable tool for studying denitrification in
                      soil because it offers insights into the dynamics and
                      magnitude of gaseous N emissions due to denitrification
                      under various incubation conditions.},
      keywords     = {Anaerobiosis / Atmosphere: chemistry / Carbon Dioxide:
                      analysis / Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Models,
                      Chemical / Nitrogen: analysis / Nitrogen Oxides: analysis /
                      Soil: chemistry / Nitrogen Oxides (NLM Chemicals) / Soil
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Carbon Dioxide (NLM Chemicals) / Nitrogen
                      (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {050},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Environmental / Environmental Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:21678900},
      UT           = {WOS:000292850200022},
      doi          = {10.1021/es1036578},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/16355},
}