% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Ern:17008,
      author       = {Ern, M. and Preusse, P. and Gille, J.C. and Hepplewhite,
                      C.L. and Mlynczak, M.G. and Russell, J.M. III and Riese, M.},
      title        = {{I}mplications for atmospheric dynamics derived from global
                      observations of gravity wave momentum flux in strato- and
                      mesosphere},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {116},
      issn         = {0022-1406},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-17008},
      pages        = {D19107},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {Very helpful comments by three anonymous reviewers are
                      gratefully acknowledged. The work of M. Ern was supported by
                      the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the project
                      GW-EXCITES (grant ER 474/2-1), which is part of the DFG
                      priority program CAWSES (SPP-1176). This work further
                      largely benefited from the SPARC gravity wave initiative, as
                      well as "The Gravity Wave Project" (ISSI Team 161) led by
                      M.J. Alexander and organized by the International Space
                      Science Institute (ISSI), Bern. The SPARC zonal wind
                      climatology was provided by the SPARC data center. Monthly
                      Singapore winds were obtained from Free University of Berlin
                      and monthly solar flux data from NOAA. SABER data were
                      provided by GATS Inc., and HIRDLS data by NASA. Many thanks
                      also go to the teams of the HIRDLS and SABER instruments for
                      all their effort to create the excellent data sets used in
                      this study.},
      abstract     = {In this work absolute values of gravity wave (GW) momentum
                      flux are derived from global temperature measurements by the
                      satellite instruments High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder
                      (HIRDLS) and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband
                      Emission Radiometry (SABER). Momentum fluxes in the
                      stratosphere are derived for both instruments and for SABER
                      in the whole mesosphere. The large-scale atmospheric
                      background state is removed by a two-dimensional Fourier
                      decomposition in longitude and time, covering even
                      planetary-scale waves with periods as short as 1-2 days.
                      Therefore, it is possible to provide global distributions of
                      GW momentum flux from observations for the first time in the
                      mesosphere. Seasonal as well as longer-term variations of
                      the global momentum flux distribution are discussed. GWs
                      likely contribute significantly to the equatorward tilt of
                      the polar night jet and to the poleward tilt of the
                      summertime mesospheric jet. Our results suggest that GWs can
                      undergo large latitudinal shifts while propagating upward.
                      In particular, GWs generated by deep convection in the
                      subtropical monsoon regions probably contribute
                      significantly to the mesospheric summertime wind reversal at
                      mid-and high latitudes. Variations in the GW longitudinal
                      distribution caused by those convectively generated GWs are
                      still observed in the mesosphere and could be important for
                      the generation of the quasi two-day wave. Indications for
                      quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) induced variations of GW
                      momentum flux are found in the subtropics. Also variations
                      at time scales of about one 11-year solar cycle are observed
                      and might indicate a negative correlation between solar flux
                      and GW momentum flux.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000295869000002},
      doi          = {10.1029/2011JD015821},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/17008},
}