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@ARTICLE{Zheng:17035,
      author       = {Zheng, J. and Hu, M. and Zhang, R. and Yue, D. and Wang, Z.
                      and Guo, S. and Li, X. and Bohn, B. and Shao, M. and He, L.
                      and Huang, X. and Wiedensohler, A. and Zhu, T.},
      title        = {{M}easurements of gaseous {H}2{SO}4 by {AP}-{ID}-{CIMS}
                      during {CAREB}eijing 2008 {C}ampaign},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {11},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-17035},
      pages        = {7755 - 7765},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {This work was part of the Campaign of Atmospheric Research
                      in Beijing and surrounding areas supported by Beijing
                      Environment Protection Bureau (OITC-G08026056) and the
                      National Natural Science Foundation of China (20977001,
                      21025728). This work was also supported by the Robert A.
                      Welch Foundation (Grant A-1417). R. Z. acknowledged further
                      support from the National Natural Science Foundation of
                      China Grant (40728006).},
      abstract     = {As part of the 2008 Campaign of Air Quality Research in
                      Beijing and Surrounding Regions (CAREBeijing 2008),
                      measurements of gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) have been
                      conducted at an urban site in Beijing, China from 7 July to
                      25 September 2008 using atmospheric pressure ion drift -
                      chemical ionization mass spectrometry (AP-ID-CIMS). This
                      represents the first gaseous H2SO4 measurements in China.
                      Diurnal profile of sulfuric acid is strongly dependent on
                      the actinic flux, reaching a daily maximum around noontime
                      and with an hourly average concentration of 5 x 10(6)
                      molecules cm(-3). Simulation of sulfuric acid on the basis
                      of the measured sulfur dioxide concentration, photolysis
                      rates of ozone and nitrogen dioxide, and aerosol surface
                      areas captures the trend of the measured H2SO4 diurnal
                      variation within the uncertainties, indicating that
                      photochemical production and condensation onto preexisting
                      particle surface dominate the observed diurnal H2SO4
                      profile. The frequency of the peak H2SO4 concentration
                      exceeding 5 x 10(6) molecules cm(-3) increases by $16\%$
                      during the period of the summer Olympic Games (8-24 August
                      2008), because of the implementation of air quality control
                      regulations. Using a multivariate statistical method, the
                      critical nucleus during nucleation events is inferred,
                      containing two H2SO4 molecules (R-2 = 0.85). The calculated
                      condensation rate of H2SO4 can only account for 10-25 $\%$
                      of PM1 sulfate formation, indicating that either much
                      stronger sulfate production exists at the SO2 source region
                      or other sulfate production mechanisms are responsible for
                      the sulfate production.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000293826500022},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-11-7755-2011},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/17035},
}