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@ARTICLE{Hoyle:17117,
      author       = {Hoyle, C.R. and Marecal, V. and Russo, M.R. and Allen, G.
                      and Arteta, J. and Chemel, C. and Chipperfield, M.P. and
                      D'Amato, F. and Dessens, O. and Feng, W. and Hamilton, J.F.
                      and Harris, N.R.P. and Hosking, J.S. and Lewis, A.C. and
                      Morgenstern, O. and Peter, T. and Pyle, J.A. and Reddmann,
                      T. and Richards, N.A.D. and Telford, P.J. and Tian, W. and
                      Viciani, S. and Volz-Thomas, A. and Wild, O. and Yang, X.
                      and Zeng, G.},
      title        = {{R}epresentation of tropical deep convection in atmospheric
                      models - {P}art 2: {T}racer transport},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {11},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-17117},
      pages        = {8103 - 8131},
      year         = {2011},
      note         = {This work was supported with funding from the EU project
                      SCOUT-O3. CRH was partly funded by SNSF grant number
                      $200021_120175/1.$ NRPH thanks NERC for their Advanced
                      Research Fellowship. NADR is funded via NERC NCEO. The
                      CATT-BRAMS work was supported by the program LEFE/INSU in
                      France (projects UTLS-tropicale and Tropopause 2009) and was
                      performed using HPC resources of CINES under the allocation
                      2008-c2008012536 and 2009-c2009015036 made by GENCI (Grand
                      Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). PJT was supported
                      by NCEO (UK). We also thank NERC for funding the ACTIVE
                      project and the NERC Airborne Research and Survey Facility
                      (ARSF) for operational support of the Dornier-228 aircraft.
                      Furthermore, the ACTIVE and SCOUT-O3 Tropical campaigns
                      would not have been possible without the extensive support
                      of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, in particular Peter
                      May at the Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, Melbourne
                      and Lori Chappel at the Regional Forecasting Centre in
                      Darwin. We also thank the RAAF base, Darwin, for hosting the
                      aircraft and campaign base, and for their logistical
                      support.},
      abstract     = {The tropical transport processes of 14 different models or
                      model versions were compared, within the framework of the
                      SCOUT-O3 (Stratospheric-Climate Links with Emphasis on the
                      Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) project. The
                      tested models range from the regional to the global scale,
                      and include numerical weather prediction (NWP), chemical
                      transport, and chemistry-climate models. Idealised tracers
                      were used in order to prevent the model's chemistry schemes
                      from influencing the results substantially, so that the
                      effects of modelled transport could be isolated. We find
                      large differences in the vertical transport of very
                      short-lived tracers (with a lifetime of 6 h) within the
                      tropical troposphere. Peak convective outflow altitudes
                      range from around 300 hPa to almost 100 hPa among the
                      different models, and the upper tropospheric tracer mixing
                      ratios differ by up to an order of magnitude. The timing of
                      convective events is found to be different between the
                      models, even among those which source their forcing data
                      from the same NWP model (ECMWF). The differences are less
                      pronounced for longer lived tracers, however they could have
                      implications for modelling the halogen burden of the
                      lowermost stratosphere through transport of species such as
                      bromoform, or short-lived hydrocarbons into the lowermost
                      stratosphere. The modelled tracer profiles are strongly
                      influenced by the convective transport parameterisations,
                      and different boundary layer mixing parameterisations also
                      have a large impact on the modelled tracer profiles.
                      Preferential locations for rapid transport from the surface
                      into the upper troposphere are similar in all models, and
                      are mostly concentrated over the western Pacific, the
                      Maritime Continent and the Indian Ocean. In contrast, models
                      do not indicate that upward transport is highest over
                      western Africa.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK491},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000293826500042},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-11-8103-2011},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/17117},
}