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@ARTICLE{Metzner:171781,
      author       = {Metzner, Ralf and van Dusschoten, Dagmar and Bühler, Jonas
                      and Schurr, Ulrich and Jahnke, Siegfried},
      title        = {{B}elowground plant development measured with magnetic
                      resonance imaging ({MRI}): exploiting the potential for
                      non-invasive trait quantification using sugar beet as a
                      proxy},
      journal      = {Frontiers in plant science},
      volume       = {5},
      number       = {469},
      issn         = {1664-462X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05345},
      pages        = {1-11},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Both structural and functional properties of belowground
                      plant organs are critical for the development and yield of
                      plants but, compared to the shoot, much more difficult to
                      observe due to soil opacity. Many processes concerning the
                      belowground plant performance are not fully understood, in
                      particular spatial and temporal dynamics and their
                      interrelation with environmental factors. We used Magnetic
                      Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a noninvasive method to evaluate
                      which traits can be measured when a complex plant organ is
                      monitored in-vivo while growing in the soil. We chose sugar
                      beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) as a model system. The
                      beet consists mainly of root tissues, is rather complex
                      regarding tissue structure and responses to environmental
                      factors, and thereby a good object to test the applicability
                      of MRI for 3D phenotyping approaches. Over a time period of
                      up to 3 months, traits such as beet morphology or anatomy
                      were followed in the soil and the effect of differently
                      sized pots on beet fresh weight calculated from MRI data was
                      studied. There was a clear positive correlation between the
                      pot size and the increase in fresh weight of a sugar beet
                      over time. Since knowledge of the development of internal
                      beet structures with several concentric cambia, vascular and
                      parenchyma rings is still limited, we consecutively acquired
                      3D volumetric images on individual plants using the MRI
                      contrast parameter T2 to map the development of rings at the
                      tissue level. This demonstrates that MRI provides versatile
                      protocols to non-invasively measure plant traits in the
                      soil. It opens new avenues to investigate belowground plant
                      performance under adverse environmental conditions such as
                      drought, nutrient shortage, or soil compaction to seek for
                      traits of belowground organs making plants more resilient to
                      stress.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {89582 - Plant Science (POF2-89582) / BMBF-0315532A -
                      CROP.SENSe.net (BMBF-0315532A) / DPPN - Deutsches Pflanzen
                      Phänotypisierungsnetzwerk (BMBF-031A053A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89582 / G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-0315532A /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-031A053A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000343858000001},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25278947},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpls.2014.00469},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/171781},
}