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@ARTICLE{WeissBlankenhorn:171799,
      author       = {Weiss-Blankenhorn, Peter and Ubben, S. D. and Kaesberg, S.
                      and Kalbe, E. and Kessler, J. and Liebig, T. and Fink, G.
                      R.},
      title        = {{W}here language meets meaningful action: a combined
                      behavior and lesion analysis of aphasia and apraxia.},
      journal      = {Brain structure $\&$ function},
      volume       = {221},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1863-2653},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05361},
      pages        = {563-576},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {It is debated how language and praxis are co-represented in
                      the left hemisphere (LH). As voxel-based lesion-symptom
                      mapping in LH stroke patients with aphasia and/or apraxia
                      may contribute to this debate, we here investigated the
                      relationship between language and praxis deficits at the
                      behavioral and lesion levels in 50 sub-acute stroke
                      patients. We hypothesized that language and (meaningful)
                      action are linked via semantic processing in Broca’s
                      region. Behaviorally, half of the patients suffered from
                      co-morbid aphasia and apraxia. While 24 $\%$ (n = 12) of all
                      patients exhibited aphasia without apraxia, apraxia without
                      aphasia was rare (n = 2, 4 $\%).$ Left inferior frontal,
                      insular, inferior parietal, and superior temporal lesions
                      were specifically associated with deficits in naming,
                      reading, writing, or auditory comprehension. In contrast,
                      lesions affecting the left inferior frontal gyrus, premotor
                      cortex, and the central region as well as the inferior
                      parietal lobe were associated with apraxic deficits (i.e.,
                      pantomime, imitation of meaningful and meaningless
                      gestures). Thus, contrary to the predictions of the embodied
                      cognition theory, lesions to sensorimotor and premotor areas
                      were associated with the severity of praxis but not language
                      deficits. Lesions of Brodmann area (BA) 44 led to combined
                      apraxic and aphasic deficits. Data suggest that BA 44 acts
                      as an interface between language and (meaningful) action
                      thereby supporting parcellation schemes (based on
                      connectivity and receptor mapping) which revealed a BA 44
                      sub-area involved in semantic processing.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000368946900036},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25352157},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00429-014-0925-3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/171799},
}