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@ARTICLE{Vossel:171802,
      author       = {Vossel, S. and Bauer, M. and Mathys, C. and Adams, R. A.
                      and Dolan, R. J. and Stephan, K. E. and Friston:, K. J.},
      title        = {{C}holinergic stimulation enhances {B}ayesian belief
                      updating in the deployment of spatial attention.},
      journal      = {The journal of neuroscience},
      volume       = {34},
      number       = {47},
      issn         = {0270-6474},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05364},
      pages        = {15735–15742},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The exact mechanisms whereby the cholinergic
                      neurotransmitter system contributes to attentional
                      processing remain poorly understood. Here, we applied
                      computational modeling to psychophysical data (obtained from
                      a spatial attention task) under a psychopharmacological
                      challenge with the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine
                      (Reminyl). This allowed us to characterize the cholinergic
                      modulation of selective attention formally, in terms of
                      hierarchical Bayesian inference. In a placebo-controlled,
                      within-subject, crossover design, 16 healthy human subjects
                      performed a modified version of Posner's location-cueing
                      task in which the proportion of validly and invalidly cued
                      targets (percentage of cue validity, $\%$ CV) changed over
                      time. Saccadic response speeds were used to estimate the
                      parameters of a hierarchical Bayesian model to test whether
                      cholinergic stimulation affected the trial-wise updating of
                      probabilistic beliefs that underlie the allocation of
                      attention or whether galantamine changed the mapping from
                      those beliefs to subsequent eye movements. Behaviorally,
                      galantamine led to a greater influence of probabilistic
                      context $(\%$ CV) on response speed than placebo. Crucially,
                      computational modeling suggested this effect was due to an
                      increase in the rate of belief updating about cue validity
                      (as opposed to the increased sensitivity of behavioral
                      responses to those beliefs). We discuss these findings with
                      respect to cholinergic effects on hierarchical cortical
                      processing and in relation to the encoding of expected
                      uncertainty or precision.},
      cin          = {INM-3},
      ddc          = {590},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {333 - Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Neurological and
                      Psychiatric Diseases (POF2-333) / 89572 - (Dys-)function and
                      Plasticity (POF2-89572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-333 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000345907500022},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25411501},
      doi          = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0091-14.2014},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/171802},
}