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@ARTICLE{vandeBoer:171811,
      author       = {van de Boer, A. and Moene, A. F. and Graf, A. and Simmer,
                      C. and Holtslag, A. A. M.},
      title        = {{E}stimation of the refractive index structure parameter
                      from single-level daytime routine weather data},
      journal      = {Applied optics},
      volume       = {53},
      number       = {26},
      issn         = {1539-4522},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Optical Soc. of America},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05373},
      pages        = {5944-5960},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Atmospheric scintillations cause difficulties for
                      applications where an undistorted propagation of
                      electromagneticradiation is essential. These scintillations
                      are related to turbulent fluctuations of temperatureand
                      humidity that are in turn related to surface heat fluxes. We
                      developed an approach that quantifiesthese scintillations by
                      estimating Cn2 from surface fluxes that are derived from
                      single-level routineweather data. In contrast to previous
                      methods that are biased to dry and warm air, our method is
                      directlyapplicable to several land surface types,
                      environmental conditions, wavelengths, and
                      measurementheights (lookup tables for a limited number of
                      site-specific parameters are provided). The approach
                      allowsfor an efficient evaluation of the performance of,
                      e.g., infrared imaging systems, laser geodetic systems,and
                      ground-to-satellite optical communication systems.We tested
                      our approach for two grass fieldsin central and southern
                      Europe, and for a wheat field in central Europe. Although
                      there are uncertaintiesin the flux estimates, the impact on
                      Cn2 is shown to be rather small. The Cn2 daytime estimates
                      agreewell with values determined from eddy covariance
                      measurements for the application to the three
                      fields.However, some adjustments were needed for the
                      approach for the grass in southern Europe becauseof
                      non-negligible boundary-layer processes that occur in
                      addition to surface-layer processes. © 2014Optical Society
                      of America},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {246 - Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods
                      and Technologies (POF2-246) / 255 - Terrestrial Systems:
                      From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255) / DFG project
                      139819005 - Links between local scale and catchment scale
                      measurements and modelling of gas exchange processes over
                      land surfaces (139819005) / DFG project 15232683 - TRR 32:
                      Muster und Strukturen in
                      Boden-Pflanzen-Atmosphären-Systemen: Erfassung,
                      Modellierung und Datenassimilation (15232683)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255 /
                      G:(GEPRIS)139819005 / G:(GEPRIS)15232683},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000341645200015},
      doi          = {10.1364/AO.53.005944},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/171811},
}