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@PHDTHESIS{Ehlers:171858,
      author       = {Ehlers, Christian},
      title        = {{M}obile {M}essungen - {M}essung und {B}ewertung von
                      {V}erkehrsemissionen},
      volume       = {229},
      school       = {Universität Köln},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05414},
      isbn         = {978-3-89336-989-8},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {VII, 137 S.},
      year         = {2014},
      note         = {Universität Köln, Diss., 2013},
      abstract     = {In the assessment of air quality in urban areas, emissions
                      from road transport remain as a key factor. Limits for
                      particulate matter (PM10) were introduced in Europe and
                      measures to meet those values were taken (low emission
                      zones). Since 2010, limits were also introduced for
                      NO$_{2}$, which are currently often exceeded significantly.
                      From 2015 increased penalties will be introduced in this
                      field and effective emission reduction measures become
                      inevitable. Mobile measurements are a useful tool to assess
                      the impact of appropriate mitigation measures. The MOBILAB
                      represents a versatile platform for mobile measurements. The
                      basic concept has been developed in a previous work [Urban,
                      2010]. In this study, the instrumentation was significantly
                      extended. The particle measurement technology now consists
                      of a PM10 filter sample collector for discontinuous particle
                      analysis in the laboratory, a high temporal resolution
                      particle counter and an ELPI for particle size‐resolved
                      measurement of 7 nm to 10 microns. The gas phase measurement
                      technique includes equipment for high time resolution
                      measurements of NO, NO$_{2}$, O$_{3}$, CO, CO$_{2}$,
                      CH$_{4}$, and a collection system for the discontinuous
                      sampling of canisters for specific VOC analysis in the
                      laboratory. The reliability and maximum duration of daily
                      measurements was significantly improved. The MOBILAB was
                      used for measuring a wide area of concentrations ranging
                      from lightly loaded background areas to urban "hotspots". As
                      a part of the PEGASOS campaign, comprehensive measurements
                      were carried out in rural background areas in the Rotterdam
                      region in May 2012 where the MOBILAB served as a mobile
                      ground station. It was shown that the altitude profiles
                      measured aboard the Zeppelin could be linked to the
                      ground‐based MOBILAB measurements, when the various layers
                      of the atmosphere during the breakup of the morning
                      inversion layer were examined. Furthermore, the MOBILAB
                      measurements in the Netherlands were used for evaluation of
                      EURAD model predictions, which were created as part of the
                      PEGASOS campaign. For CO it could be shown that the model
                      results were in good agreement with the
                      MOBILAB‐measurements. In contrast, larger underestimations
                      (up to a factor of five) were found for the
                      nitrogen‐oxides. Moreover, the particle size distribution
                      was studied in rural areas and compared with measurements
                      from urban areas in Düsseldorf and Bonn. It could be shown
                      that emissions from diesel engines are the primary source of
                      particle emission in urban areas. In rural areas this was
                      not the case. In the course of measurements in urban road
                      tunnels in Düsseldorf and Bonn, the emission profile of the
                      current vehicle fleet was studied under real conditions. It
                      was shown that the VOC emissions can be attributed almost
                      exclusively to gasoline‐powered cars. In case of the
                      nitrogen‐oxide emissions, diesel cars were identified as
                      the main source of emissions. It was shown, that the changes
                      in the VOC‐emission‐patterns which were observed in the
                      tunnel resulted in a decrease of ozone production and thus
                      in a reduced trace gas degradation. As a further possibility
                      to reduce emissions, the reduction potential of alternative
                      fuels based on water‐in‐diesel‐microemulsions was
                      investigated. In earlier experiments with optimized engines
                      in an engine laboratory, the use of water‐in‐diesel
                      emulsions or microemulsions showed a significant reduction
                      of nitrogen‐oxide and particulate emissions. Within this
                      work it was investigated, to what extent these reductions
                      can be realized for a standard car under realistic
                      experimental conditions on a chassis‐dynamometer. With
                      respect to the nitrogen oxides, no significant improvements
                      could be [...]},
      keywords     = {Dissertation (GND)},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
                      (POF2-233)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/171858},
}