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@PHDTHESIS{Ehlers:171858,
author = {Ehlers, Christian},
title = {{M}obile {M}essungen - {M}essung und {B}ewertung von
{V}erkehrsemissionen},
volume = {229},
school = {Universität Köln},
type = {Dr.},
address = {Jülich},
publisher = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
reportid = {FZJ-2014-05414},
isbn = {978-3-89336-989-8},
series = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
pages = {VII, 137 S.},
year = {2014},
note = {Universität Köln, Diss., 2013},
abstract = {In the assessment of air quality in urban areas, emissions
from road transport remain as a key factor. Limits for
particulate matter (PM10) were introduced in Europe and
measures to meet those values were taken (low emission
zones). Since 2010, limits were also introduced for
NO$_{2}$, which are currently often exceeded significantly.
From 2015 increased penalties will be introduced in this
field and effective emission reduction measures become
inevitable. Mobile measurements are a useful tool to assess
the impact of appropriate mitigation measures. The MOBILAB
represents a versatile platform for mobile measurements. The
basic concept has been developed in a previous work [Urban,
2010]. In this study, the instrumentation was significantly
extended. The particle measurement technology now consists
of a PM10 filter sample collector for discontinuous particle
analysis in the laboratory, a high temporal resolution
particle counter and an ELPI for particle size‐resolved
measurement of 7 nm to 10 microns. The gas phase measurement
technique includes equipment for high time resolution
measurements of NO, NO$_{2}$, O$_{3}$, CO, CO$_{2}$,
CH$_{4}$, and a collection system for the discontinuous
sampling of canisters for specific VOC analysis in the
laboratory. The reliability and maximum duration of daily
measurements was significantly improved. The MOBILAB was
used for measuring a wide area of concentrations ranging
from lightly loaded background areas to urban "hotspots". As
a part of the PEGASOS campaign, comprehensive measurements
were carried out in rural background areas in the Rotterdam
region in May 2012 where the MOBILAB served as a mobile
ground station. It was shown that the altitude profiles
measured aboard the Zeppelin could be linked to the
ground‐based MOBILAB measurements, when the various layers
of the atmosphere during the breakup of the morning
inversion layer were examined. Furthermore, the MOBILAB
measurements in the Netherlands were used for evaluation of
EURAD model predictions, which were created as part of the
PEGASOS campaign. For CO it could be shown that the model
results were in good agreement with the
MOBILAB‐measurements. In contrast, larger underestimations
(up to a factor of five) were found for the
nitrogen‐oxides. Moreover, the particle size distribution
was studied in rural areas and compared with measurements
from urban areas in Düsseldorf and Bonn. It could be shown
that emissions from diesel engines are the primary source of
particle emission in urban areas. In rural areas this was
not the case. In the course of measurements in urban road
tunnels in Düsseldorf and Bonn, the emission profile of the
current vehicle fleet was studied under real conditions. It
was shown that the VOC emissions can be attributed almost
exclusively to gasoline‐powered cars. In case of the
nitrogen‐oxide emissions, diesel cars were identified as
the main source of emissions. It was shown, that the changes
in the VOC‐emission‐patterns which were observed in the
tunnel resulted in a decrease of ozone production and thus
in a reduced trace gas degradation. As a further possibility
to reduce emissions, the reduction potential of alternative
fuels based on water‐in‐diesel‐microemulsions was
investigated. In earlier experiments with optimized engines
in an engine laboratory, the use of water‐in‐diesel
emulsions or microemulsions showed a significant reduction
of nitrogen‐oxide and particulate emissions. Within this
work it was investigated, to what extent these reductions
can be realized for a standard car under realistic
experimental conditions on a chassis‐dynamometer. With
respect to the nitrogen oxides, no significant improvements
could be [...]},
keywords = {Dissertation (GND)},
cin = {IEK-8},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
pnm = {233 - Trace gas and aerosol processes in the troposphere
(POF2-233)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-233},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/171858},
}