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@ARTICLE{Rahman:171931,
      author       = {Rahman, M. and Sulis, M. and Kollet, S.},
      title        = {{T}he concept of dual-boundary forcing in land
                      surface-subsurface interactions of the terrestrial
                      hydrologic and energy cycles},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {50},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0043-1397},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {AGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05485},
      pages        = {8531–8548},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Terrestrial hydrological processes interact in a complex,
                      non-linear fashion. It is important to quantify these
                      interactions to understand the overall mechanisms of the
                      coupled water and energy cycles. In this study, the concept
                      of a dual boundary forcing is proposed that connects the
                      variability of atmospheric (upper boundary) and subsurface
                      (lower boundary) processes to the land surface mass and
                      energy balance components. According to this concept, the
                      space-time patterns of land surface mass and energy fluxes
                      can be explained by the variability of the dominating
                      boundary condition for the exchange processes, which is
                      determined by moisture and energy availability. A coupled
                      subsurface-land surface model is applied on the Rur
                      catchment, Germany, to substantiate the proposed concept.
                      Spectral and geostatistical analysis on the observations and
                      model results show the coherence of different processes at
                      various space-time scales in the hydrological cycle. The
                      spectral analysis shows that atmospheric radiative forcing
                      generally drives the variability of the land surface energy
                      fluxes at the daily time scale, while influence of
                      subsurface hydrodynamics is significant at monthly to
                      multi-month time scales under moisture limited conditions.
                      The geostatistical analysis demonstrates that atmospheric
                      forcing and groundwater control the spatial variability of
                      land surface processes under energy and moisture limited
                      conditions, respectively. These results suggest that under
                      moisture limited conditions, groundwater influences the
                      variability of the land surface mass and energy fluxes.
                      Under energy limited conditions, on the contrary,
                      variability of land surface processes can be explained by
                      atmospheric forcing alone.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {246 - Modelling and Monitoring Terrestrial Systems: Methods
                      and Technologies (POF2-246) / 255 - Terrestrial Systems:
                      From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-246 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000346654600009},
      doi          = {10.1002/2014WR015738},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/171931},
}