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@ARTICLE{Borchard:172066,
      author       = {Borchard, Nils and Siemens, Jan and Ladd, Brenton and
                      Möller, Andreas and Amelung, Wulf},
      title        = {{A}pplication of biochars to sandy and silty soil failed to
                      increase maize yield under common agricultural practice},
      journal      = {Soil $\&$ tillage research},
      volume       = {144},
      issn         = {0167-1987},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05610},
      pages        = {184 - 194},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Adding biochar to tropical soils is a strategy for
                      improving crop yield and mitigating climate change, but how
                      various biochar types affect crop yield and the properties
                      of temperate soils is still in dispute. Here, we evaluated
                      how slow-pyrolysis charcoal and two biochars derived from
                      energy production (gasification coke and flash-pyrolysis
                      char) affected the growth of Zea mays L. and the related
                      properties of sandy and silty soils within a 3-year mesocosm
                      experiment. Fertilization was performed to optimize plant
                      growth as would be done under common agricultural practice.
                      Analyses included the monitoring of yield, plant and soil
                      nutrients, aggregate stability, cation exchange and water
                      holding capacity, and black carbon content. The results
                      showed that the added biochars did not affect crop yield at
                      an application rate of 15 g biochar kg−1 of soil.
                      Increasing the application rate of slow-pyrolysis charcoal
                      to 100 g kg−1 resulted in decreased plant biomass in the
                      second and third year of the experiment, likely as a result
                      of nutrient imbalances and N-immobilization. We did not
                      detect any degradation of the added black carbon; however,
                      beneficial effects on plants were limited by the small and
                      transient effect of these biochars on the physical and
                      chemical properties of soil. Overall, our results indicate
                      that the added carbon from biochars is stored in soil, but
                      all treatments tested failed to improve plant yield for the
                      studied temperate soils under the given application rates
                      and common agricultural practice.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {245 - Chemicals in the Environment (POF2-245) / 255 -
                      Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-245 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000341902400019},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.still.2014.07.016},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/172066},
}