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@ARTICLE{Ahrends:172097,
      author       = {Ahrends, Hella and Haseneder-Lind, Rainer and Schween, Jan
                      and Crewell, Susanne and Stadler, Anja and Rascher, Uwe},
      title        = {{D}iurnal {D}ynamics of {W}heat {E}vapotranspiration
                      {D}erived from {G}round-{B}ased {T}hermal {I}magery},
      journal      = {Remote sensing},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {2072-4292},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2014-05640},
      pages        = {9775 - 9801},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The latent heat flux, one of the key components of the
                      surface energy balance, can be inferred from remotely sensed
                      thermal infrared data. However, discrepancies between
                      modeled and observed evapotranspiration are large. Thermal
                      cameras might provide a suitable tool for model evaluation
                      under variable atmospheric conditions. Here, we evaluate the
                      results from the Penman-Monteith, surface energy balance and
                      Bowen ratio approaches, which estimate the diurnal course of
                      latent heat fluxes at a ripe winter wheat stand using
                      measured and modeled temperatures. Under overcast
                      conditions, the models perform similarly, and radiometric
                      image temperatures are linearly correlated with the inverted
                      aerodynamic temperature. During clear sky conditions, the
                      temperature of the wheat ear layer could be used to predict
                      daytime turbulent fluxes (root mean squared error and mean
                      absolute error: 20–35 W∙m−2, r2: 0.76–0.88), whereas
                      spatially-averaged temperatures caused underestimation of
                      pre-noon and overestimation of afternoon fluxes. Errors are
                      dependent on the models’ ability to simulate diurnal
                      hysteresis effects and are largest during intermittent
                      clouds, due to the discrepancy between the timing of image
                      capture and the time needed for the leaf-air-temperature
                      gradient to adapt to changes in solar radiation. During such
                      periods, we suggest using modeled surface temperatures for
                      temporal upscaling and the validation of image data.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {89582 - Plant Science (POF2-89582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000344458000029},
      doi          = {10.3390/rs6109775},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/172097},
}